Immunotherapy and epithelial ovarian cancer: a double-edged sword?

<span class="paragraphSection">Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fifth most common cancer among women and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in developing countries [<a href="#mdx102-B1" class="reflinks">1</a>]. The prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of 30% [<a href="#mdx102-B2" class="reflinks">2</a>]. No substantial decrease in the death rate has occurred in the last three decades and the development of novel therapies for EOC has become a priority [<a href="#mdx102-B3" class="reflinks">3</a>]. Moreover, compared with other solid tumors, except for the recent label of bevacizumab and olaparib [<a href="#mdx102-B4" class="reflinks">4</a>], no innovative therapy has emerged reporting survival benefit for this serial killer cancer! Why have there been so few recent innovations? Hypotheses include no unique molecular oncogenic driver, heterogeneity of several diseases, and absence of interest for industries due to the low incidence rate of the disease compared with others.</span>

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