Diagnostic difficulties of primary angiosarcoma of the breast: a case report

Angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare tumor, which may be primary or secondary to breast surgery or irradiation. It is characterized by polymorphic and nonspecific clinical and radiological features. A patholog...

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Age is a predictive factor in the femoral nerve positioning: an anatomical ultrasound study

Abstract

Precise identification of the femoral nerve (FN) is essential for an ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block. We hypothesized that the distance between the FN and the femoral artery (FA) is correlated with patient age. In this prospective observational study, we evaluated the FN–FA (from the lateral edge of the FA to the medial edge of the FN) distance [0.42 ± 0.42 (mean ± standard deviation) cm] in 102 patients using ultrasound. In addition, we calculated the cross-sectional area of the iliopsoas muscle using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Multiple regression analyses revealed that age was significantly and positively correlated with the FN–FA distance (R² = 0.72, p < 0.001) and that this correlation was greater than that between height, weight, or gender and the FN–FA distance. Further, the cross-sectional area of the iliopsoas muscle per weight was significantly correlated with age (R² = 0.54, p < 0.001) and the FN–FA distance (R² = 0.50, p < 0.001). These findings may help refine the ultrasound techniques used for the femoral nerve block.

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