Suleiman Furmli<br />Oct 9, 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-221854-bcr-2017-221854<br />Myth exploded
https://ift.tt/2yNLDXJ
Cancer Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Παρασκευή 2 Νοεμβρίου 2018
Therapeutic use of intermittent fasting for people with type 2 diabetes as an alternative to insulin
Preoperative Evaluation of the Pediatric Patient
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s): Allison Basel, Dusica Bajic
https://ift.tt/2PvZxrl
Preoperative Management of Medications
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s): Zdravka Zafirova, Karina G. Vázquez-Narváez, Delia Borunda
https://ift.tt/2RuuNEf
Creating a Pathway for Multidisciplinary Shared Decision-Making to Improve Communication During Preoperative Assessment
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s): Timothy D. Quinn, Piotr Wolczynski, Raymond Sroka, Richard D. Urman
https://ift.tt/2PGhtj6
Diabetes Mellitus: Preoperative Concerns and Evaluation
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s): Roshni Sreedharan, Basem Abdelmalak
https://ift.tt/2RxVMyZ
Surgical Prehabilitation: Nutrition and Exercise
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s): John Whittle, Paul E. Wischmeyer, Michael P.W. Grocott, Timothy E. Miller
https://ift.tt/2PEaqHq
Preoperative Cardiac Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s): Vahé S. Tateosian, Deborah C. Richman
https://ift.tt/2Rx5wJQ
Designing and Running a Preoperative Clinic
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s): Jeanna D. Blitz, Christian Mabry
https://ift.tt/2Pwq6N1
Forthcoming Issues
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s):
https://ift.tt/2Rvxqpf
Contents
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s):
https://ift.tt/2PCdPXl
Contributors
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s):
https://ift.tt/2RvUZhF
Copyright
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s):
https://ift.tt/2PyHEYO
Preoperative Patient Evaluation
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s): Zdravka Zafirova, Richard D. Urman
https://ift.tt/2RuQfZJ
Pulmonary cryptococcosis coexisting with adenocarcinoma: a case report and review of the literature
Pulmonary cryptococcosis is a common fungal infection frequently seen in immunocompromised patients. Owing to its nonspecific clinical and radiographic features, the differential diagnosis with secondary tuber...
https://ift.tt/2Qe1llA
Near-infrared spectroscopy in vegetables and humans: An observational study
BACKGROUND Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of tissue oxygen saturation is claimed to be a surrogate marker for global cerebral perfusion. Increasingly, NIRS target-based therapy has been used during cardiac surgery in the hope of decreasing the incidence of adverse neurological outcome. OBJECTIVES We report NIRS values for some common vegetables and faculty at a world-class medical institution. DESIGN Observational nonblinded study. SETTING Single tertiary care institution and local urban vegetable market. PARTICIPANTS Five yams (Dioscorea cayenensis), five courgettes (Cucurbita pepo) and five butternut squashes (Cucurbita moschata) were studied. Five cardiothoracic surgeons and anaesthesiologists were the control group. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES NIRS value of each species. RESULTS Mean NIRS value for the control group was 71% [95% confidence interval (CI) 68 to 74] and was similar to that of the yellow squashes [75% (95% CI 74 to 76)]. These values were significantly greater than the NIRS measurements of both the butternut squash and yam [63% (95% CI 62 to 64) and 64% (95% CI 63 to 65), respectively, P https://ift.tt/2P1IEVQ
Peri-operative oral caffeine does not prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation after heart valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A randomised controlled clinical trial
BACKGROUND Raised plasma levels of endogenous adenosine after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have been related to the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). OBJECTIVE We wished to assess if caffeine, an adenosine receptor antagonist could have a beneficial effect on the incidence of POAF. DESIGN A randomised controlled study. SETTING Single University Hospital. PATIENTS One hundred and ten patients scheduled for heart valve surgery with CPB. INTERVENTIONS We randomly assigned patients to receive peri-operative oral caffeine (400 mg every 8 h for 2 days) or placebo. Adenosine plasma concentrations and caffeine pharmacokinetic profile were evaluated in a subgroup of 50 patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary endpoint was the rate of atrial fibrillation during postoperative hospital stay. RESULTS The current study was stopped for futility by the data monitoring board after an interim analysis. The incidence of atrial fibrillation was similar in the caffeine and in the placebo group during hospital stay (33 vs. 29%, P = 0.67) and the first 3 postoperative days (18 vs. 15%; P = 0.60). Basal and postoperative adenosine plasma levels were significantly associated with the primary outcome. Adenosine plasma levels were similar in the two treatment groups. Caffeine administration was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (27 vs. 7%, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Oral caffeine does not prevent POAF after heart valve surgery with CPB but increased the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, no.: NCT01999829.https://ift.tt/2P6ch8s
Incidence of akathisia after postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis with droperidol and ondansetron in outpatient surgery: A multicentre controlled randomised trial
BACKGROUND Akathisia, a distressing movement disorder induced by butyrophenones, has been described with low doses of droperidol used for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis, but the incidence remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of akathisia after PONV prophylaxis with two doses of droperidol in comparison with ondansetron, in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. We hypothesised that the incidence of akathisia is higher with droperidol than that with ondansetron. DESIGN Randomised controlled double blind trial. SETTING Two University Hospital Centres and two private Clinics from January to September 2014. PATIENTS Patients (n=297) undergoing general anaesthesia for ambulatory surgery were randomly allocated to receive PONV prophylaxis with droperidol (0.625 or 1.25 mg) or ondansetron 4 mg; patients of the three groups also received 4 mg of dexamethasone. Exclusion criteria were contraindication to droperidol and ondansetron, use of psychotropic medications or benzodiazepines or history of psychotic illness. INTERVENTIONS Participants received droperidol (0.625 or 1.25 mg) or ondansetron 4 mg during general anaesthesia. After discharge from the postanaesthesia care unit presence and severity of akathisia were assessed using the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale at 4 h postoperatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Score of the Global Clinical Assessment of Akathisia of Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale. RESULTS The number of akathisia observed was 1/118 (0.8%) in the ondansetron group, 1/84 (1.2%) in droperidol 0.625 mg group, and 3/87 (3.4%) in droperidol 1.25 mg group. The akathisia rate difference among the three groups was not significant (P = 0.52). We could not demonstrate significant differences in the incidence of akathisia between the two doses of droperidol. The only case of marked akathisia treated with benzodiazepines was observed after droperidol 1.25 mg. CONCLUSION The use of droperidol or ondansetron for PONV prophylaxis is associated to a low incidence of akathisia (0.8 to 3.4%) after general anaesthesia for ambulatory surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01942343.https://ift.tt/2CX1ciH
Peri-operative respiratory adverse events in children with upper respiratory tract infections allowed to proceed with anaesthesia: A French national cohort study
BACKGROUND Peri-operative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) in paediatric patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) remain inadequately explored in patients allowed to proceed to anaesthesia and surgery. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and risk factors of PRAE in children with URTI allowed to proceed to anaesthesia. DESIGN Multicentre cohort study performed over 6 months in France. SETTING Sixteen centres with dedicated paediatric anaesthetists. PATIENTS Eligible patients were aged from 0 to 18 years with URTI symptoms on admission or a history of such over the preceding 4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOMES The primary outcome of the study was to determine predictors of PRAE. Secondary outcomes were: predictors of peri-operative arterial desaturation and of the decision to proceed with anaesthesia and surgery in children with URTI. RESULTS Overall, 621 children were included and 489 (78.7%) anaesthetised. Of those anaesthetised, 165 (33.5%) and 97 (19.8%) experienced PRAE and arterial desaturation, respectively. Factors predictive of PRAE included patient age, tracheal intubation and the absence of midazolam premedication. Factors predictive of peri-operative arterial desaturation included patient age, anaesthetist experience, endoscopic procedures and the presence of other PRAE. Factors predicting proceeding to anaesthesia in the context of URTI included anaesthetist experience, emergency procedures and the absence of severe URTI symptoms. CONCLUSION The risk of PRAE in patients anaesthetised in the presence of URTI was similar to previous publications – close to 30%. In the light of our findings, first, current rescheduling indications should be questioned, and second, further medical and organisational strategies should be investigated to reduce PRAE in children with URTI. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in the European Networks of Centers for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (EUPAS16436).https://ift.tt/2P6OuW4
Green blood plasma from a patient with breast cancer after sentinel lymph node biopsy
No abstract availablehttps://ift.tt/2CX0T7x
Emergence delirium in children is related to epileptiform discharges during anaesthesia induction: An observational study
BACKGROUND Epileptiform discharges frequently occur in children during induction of anaesthesia. However, studies analysing the impact of epileptiform discharges on postoperative emergence delirium in children are still scarce. The aim of this study is to correlate the incidence of epileptiform activity during anaesthesia induction with the occurrence of emergence delirium during stay in the recovery room. OBJECTIVES Prospective, observational cohort study in children 0.5 to 8 years old undergoing planned surgery. Bifrontal electroencephalogram electrodes were placed before induction of anaesthesia. Visual electroencephalogram analysis was performed from start of anaesthetic agent administration until intubation with regard to epileptiform patterns: rhythmic polyspikes; periodic epileptiform discharges; delta with spikes; and suppression with spikes. Emergence delirium was assessed during stay in the recovery room using the Pediatric Assessment of Emergence Delirium Score. DESIGN Prospective, observational cohort study. SETTING University hospital – Germany/Berlin. Children were included between September 2015 and February 2017. PATIENTS A total of 62 Children, aged 0.5 to 8 years old undergoing planned surgery were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome was emergence delirium. Secondary outcomes, peri-operative Electroencephalography (EEG) data analysis. The presented study analysed an association between emergence delirium and the occurrence of epileptiform discharges during anaesthesia induction. RESULTS A total of 43.5% of the children developed emergence delirium and 56.5% did not. Epileptiform discharges were observed more often in children developing emergence delirium (63%) compared with children not developing emergence delirium (43%). But only the occurrence of interictal spike events – such as rhythmic polyspikes; periodic epileptiform discharges and delta with spikes – were significantly related to emergence delirium (emergence delirium-group 48% vs. nonemergence delirium-group 14%, OR = 5.6 [95% CI: 1.7 to 18.7]; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Emergence delirium in children is significantly related to interictal spike events occurring during induction of anaesthesia. CLINICAL TRIAL NCT02481999.https://ift.tt/2P87eEv
Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying time after a standardised light breakfast in healthy children: A prospective observational study
OBJECTIVES Current guidelines recommend 6 h of fasting for solids before anaesthesia. However, prolonged fasting may lead to discomfort, hunger, thirst, misbehaviour and lipolysis. To prevent this, a more liberal fasting regimen has been empirically implemented in our children's hospital, allowing a shorter fasting time of 4 h for a standardised light breakfast. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the gastric emptying time after a standardised light breakfast in healthy children. DESIGN A prospective observational noninterventional study. METHODS After fasting overnight, the children had a standardised light breakfast. Before and afterwards, ultrasound examinations of the gastric antrum were performed hourly to determine the gastric antral area (GAA), which is a surrogate parameter for gastric volume in children in the right lateral position (RLP). Demographic data and fasting times are presented as mean ± SD (range) and GAA as median (interquartile range). RESULTS Twenty-two children aged 7.8 (2.5 to 13.6) years volunteered for this study. After fasting overnight [735 ± 120 (467 to 930) min], the initial GAA was 3.06 (2.35 to 4.03) cm2 in RLP. After the light breakfast, GAA in RLP initially increased and decreased subsequently. After 4 h, GAA in RLP was lower than the initial value (median of differences −0.54, 95% confidence interval −1.00 to −0.07, P https://ift.tt/2P5ng1R
How current transfusion practices in geriatric patients with hip fracture still differ from current guidelines and the effects on outcome: A retrospective observational study
BACKGROUND Transfusion guidelines have become increasingly restrictive. We investigated actual transfusion practices in geriatric hip fracture patients, why they differ from current guidelines and how this affects outcome. OBJECTIVES The primary aim was to examine transfusion timing, evaluate how many red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are in keeping with guidelines and how this affects morbidity (infection, cardiac events and delirium), mortality and length of stay (LOS). Our secondary aim was to test the hypothesis that guidelines were more likely to be deviated from shortly before discharge and with consecutive transfusions. DESIGN A retrospective observational study. SETTING The Luzerner Kantonsspital, a major trauma centre, over a 12-month period from 1 February 2015 to 31 January 2016. PATIENTS All patients over 70 years of age admitted to the Luzerner Kantonsspital with hip fractures over a 12-month period in 2015 to 2016 were included. RESULTS 156 patients were included, to which 141 units of RBCs were transfused. All pre and intra-operative transfusions were according to guidelines; 110 transfusions were postoperative and 37 of these were not according to guidelines. Patients who were transfused had longer LOS in hospital (P = 0.002) and an odds ratio (OR) of 2.7 of contracting an infection (P = 0.04) in comparison with patients who were not transfused. No significant differences in mortality, LOS or morbidity were found between patients transfused according to guidelines and more liberal thresholds. Guidelines were more likely to be deviated from within the last 2 days before discharge than prior to this (58 vs. 24%, P = 0.03). Furthermore, 24 stable patients received two consecutive RBC units resulting in posttransfusion haemoglobin values of between 83 and 124 g l−1. CONCLUSION Most RBC transfusions occur postoperatively, many still according to liberal transfusion thresholds, in particular shortly before discharge and as part of consecutive transfusions. Transfused patients had longer LOS and more infections than patients not transfused, but there was no difference in mortality, LOS or morbidity between patients transfused according to current guidelines and those where guidelines were deviated from.https://ift.tt/2CU3S0u
The degree of adherence to CONSORT reporting guidelines for the abstracts of randomised clinical trials published in anaesthesia journals: A cross-sectional study of reporting adherence in 2010 and 2016
BACKGROUND Abstracts are intended to be concise summaries of the entire randomised clinical trial (RCT). Despite their importance, few studies have examined the reporting quality of abstracts in the anaesthesiology literature. OBJECTIVES To examine the quality of RCT abstract reporting according to the CONSORT for Abstracts guidelines and determine whether recommended items omitted from the abstract were present in the body of the article. DESIGN A cross-sectional study of RCTs. SETTING This study was performed at the University of Western Ontario and University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre. PARTICIPANTS All RCTs meeting inclusion criteria that were published in 2010 or 2016 in six general anaesthesiology journals (Anaesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Anesthesiology, British Journal of Anaesthesia, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia and European Journal of Anaesthesiology). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The 16 checklist items from the CONSORT for Abstracts statement were used to create a convenience score as a proxy for RCT abstract reporting quality, with each criterion measured as being reported in abstract, not reported in abstract but reported in full-text article, or not reported in abstract or full-text article. RESULTS Of the 395 RCTs identified, 219 were published in 2010 and 176 were published in 2016. Out of the maximum possible score of 16, the median abstract score increased from 4 points [interquartile range (IQR): 3 to 5] in 2010 to 6 points [IQR: 5 to 8] in 2016. Although most checklist items showed improvement from 2010 to 2016, around 75% of RCTs in 2016 met fewer than half of the 16 items with no RCTs reporting all 16 items in the abstract. A majority of the RCTs had the information present in the full-text. In 2016, only 71 out of 176 (40%) of RCTs reported outcomes conforming to the CONSORT guidelines (with an effect size and a confidence interval around the effect size) in the Abstract. CONCLUSION Abstracts for many anaesthesiology RCTs are incomplete selective summaries of the entire article.https://ift.tt/2P4GHYU
Intra-osseous-access-associated lower limb compartment syndrome in a critically injured paediatric patient
No abstract availablehttps://ift.tt/2CUYjPE
ICU mortality and variables associated with ICU survival in Poland: A nationwide database study
BACKGROUND Recently published international comparison data across European countries revealed high mortality rates in Polish ICUs. OBJECTIVES Estimation of the rate of ICU mortality and identification of variables associated with ICU survival in Poland. DESIGN Retrospective analyses of a database reporting ICU stays in Poland. SETTINGS AND PATIENTS The study included data from all adult patients admitted to an ICU in Poland from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ICU mortality and variables associated with ICU survival. RESULTS A total of 48 282 patients were treated in 347 ICUs (mean age 63.1 ± 16.8 years, 59% men) with 20 278 deaths (42.0%). Variables associated with ICU survival were: tertiary level of hospital care [relative risk (RR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80 to 0.92, P https://ift.tt/2P5GIvE
Comparison of the peripheral antinociceptive effect of somatostatin with bupivacaine and morphine in the rodent postoperative pain model
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Infiltration of surgical wound with local anaesthetics attenuate postoperative pain. However, side effects can also occur. Somatostatin (SST) and its analogues like octreotide reportedly reduce peripheral sensitisation. The current study evaluates peripherally mediated antinociceptive effect of SST in a rat model of postoperative pain. This was compared with bupivacaine and morphine under identical experimental conditions. DESIGN Randomised vehicle-controlled blind study. SETTING Pain research laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi from February 2014 to July 2017. EXPERIMENTAL SUBJECT Rodent hind paw incision model. INTERVENTIONS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to incision and one of the following drugs administered into the open wound once by a micropipette: SST (10, 30 or 100 μg), bupivacaine (3, 10, 30, 50 or 100 μg) or morphine (100 μg). Antinociceptive effect of SST was further evaluated for its reversibility, site of action, effect on spinal c-fos expression and blood glucose level. The site of action of morphine was also investigated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Nociception was estimated by nonevoked (guarding behaviour) and evoked (mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia) pain behaviours between 2 h and days 4 to 7. RESULTS Nociception was maximum 2 h after incision. SST (10 to 100 μg) significantly attenuated guarding behaviour between 2 h and day 2. A delayed inhibitory effect was observed on allodynia. Bupivacaine (10 to 100 μg doses) similarly decreased guarding score up to day 2 though evoked pain behaviours were relatively unaffected. In contrast, morphine produced a potent but transient inhibitory effect on guarding score at 2 h, which was mediated by both peripheral and central opioid receptors. The antinociceptive effect of SST was peripherally mediated by type 2 receptors and was associated with decreased c-fos staining. Blood glucose level was unaltered. CONCLUSION Guarding behaviour, which likely represents pain-at-rest following surgery, was attenuated by both bupivacaine and SST to comparable extents. This novel peripherally mediated antinociceptive effect of SST needs further evaluation.https://ift.tt/2P46MHq
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