Predicting Progression of Oral Lesions to Malignancy Using Machine Learning

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Predicting Progression of Oral Lesions to Malignancy Using Machine Learning via The Laryngoscope Objective To use large-scale electronic health record (EHR) data to develop machine learning models predicting malignant transformation of oral lesions. Methods A multi-institutional health system database was used to identify a retrospective cohort of patients with biopsied oral lesions. The primary outcome was malignant transformation. Chart review and automated system database queries were used to identify a range of demographic, clinical, and pathologic variables. Machine learning was used to develop predictive models for progression to malignancy. Results There were 2192 patients with a biopsied oral lesion, of whom 1232 had biopsy proven oral dysplasia. There was malignant transformation in 34% of patients in the oral lesions dataset, and in 54% of patients in the dysplasia subset. Multiple machine learning-based models were trained on the data in two experiments, (a) including all patients with biopsied oral lesions and (b) including only patients with biopsy-proven dysplasia. In the first experiment, the best machine learning models predicted malignant transformation among the biopsied oral lesions with an area under the curve (AUC) of 86%. In the second experiment, the random forest model predicted malignant transformation among lesions with dysplasia with an AUC of 0.75. The most influential features were dysplasia grade and the presence of multiple lesions, with smaller influences from other features including anemia, histopathologic description of atypia, and other prior cancer history. Conclusion With diverse features from EHR data, machine learning approaches are feasible and allow for generation of models that predict which oral lesions are likely to progress to malignancy. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2022 View on Web

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Dilation, Steroid Injection, and Cough Exercise for Correction of Posterior Glottic Stenosis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Dilation, Steroid Injection, and Cough Exercise for Correction of Posterior Glottic Stenosis via The Laryngoscope DISCO (Dilation, Steroid injection and post-operative Cough Exercise) is a novel protocol for correcting posterior glottic stenosis. Post-op cough acts as physical-therapy to improve motion and flexibility. It can restore mobility and expand glottic airway without insufficiency. Objective To describe the DISCO protocol (Dilation, Steroid injection, and post-operative Cough Exercise); a novel treatment for posterior glottic stenosis (PGS). Restoring glottic mobility in PGS is a major challenge. In orthopedic and plastic surgery, post-operative physical therapy is associated with improved motion range and flexibility; yet, this principle was never applied to laryngeal surgery. Methods A retrospective cohort of PGS adult patients, treated by the DISCO protocol during 2018–2020. DISCO involves the following: scar release, glottic dilation, and steroid injection, followed by post-operative cough as glottic physical therapy. Maximal glottic opening angle (MGOA), relative glottic opening area (RGOA), and relative glottic insufficiency area (RGIA) were calculated before and post-operatively. Results Seventeen patients were included; PGS etiology was post-intubation (n = 10), post-irradiation (n = 3), both (n = 1) and joint sclerosis (n = 3). Six patients also had additional airway disorders. Sixteen patients were tracheostomy-dependent. 2 (12%), 8 (47%) and 7 (41%) patients had type II, III and IV stenosis, respectively. Surgery included scar release, dilation and steroid injection alone in 7 patients; and additional unilateral sub-mucosal arytenoidectomy in 10. The mean follow-up was 17.5 months. There were no major complications. Successful outcomes (e.g., decannulation or permanent capping) were achieved in 14 (82%) patients with some restoration of joint movement. None had a persistent voice or swallowing complaints. Both MGOA and RGOA increased in all patients (p < 0.001). RGIA remained unchanged (p = 0.878). Conclusions The DISCO protocol is a novel, effective and safe approach for PGS correction that can be easily applied. It can restore vocal fold mobility and may expand the glottic airway without causing glottic insufficiency. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2022 View on Web

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Ingredients in the Visual Perception of Hypomobile Vocal Fold Motion Impairment

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Ingredients in the Visual Perception of Hypomobile Vocal Fold Motion Impairment via The Laryngoscope In patients diagnosed with unilateral vocal fold hypomobility, semi-automated analysis of laryngoscopic videos revealed differences in the vocal fold angular velocity or range of motion between the two vocal folds in a substantial subset, but not a large majority, of the patients. Other visual cues in a laryngoscopic exam likely contribute to the perception of unilateral vocal fold hypomobility. Objectives The clinical determination of vocal fold (VF) hypomobility based on laryngoscopy is subjective. Previous studies point to VF motion anomaly as the most commonly reported factor in the diagnosis of hypomobility. This study tested the hypotheses that VF angular velocities and angular range of motion (ROM) differ between the two VFs in cases of unilateral VF hypomobility. Study Design Retrospective. Methods Semi-automated analysis of laryngoscopic videos of 18 subjects diagnosed with unilateral VF hypomobility and 13 subjects with normal VF mobility was performed to quantify/compare the VF angular velocity and ROM between the two VFs during /i/−sniff and laugh. Results In the hypomobile VF group, 7 out of 15 (47%) videos with /i/−sniff and 5 out of 8 (63%) with laugh had a statistically significant difference in the angular velocities between the VFs in either abduction or adduction. For VF ROM, 8 out of 15 (53%) /i/−sniff videos and 4 out of 8 (50%) with laughter had a statistically significant difference between VFs. In the group without the diagnosis of VF hypomobility, 9 out of 13 subjects (69%) had no difference in VF angular velocity and ROM during either /i/−sniff or laugh. Conclusions Differences in VF angular velocity or ROM are measurable in a substantial subset of subjects diagnosed with unilateral VF hypomobility. Clinicians' ability to gauge VF motion goes beyond what can be extracted from frame-by-frame analysis. Other visual cues, in addition to VF angular velocity and ROM, likely contribute to the perception of unilateral VF hypomobility. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2022 View on Web

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Hospira Issues a Voluntary Nationwide Recall for One Lot of Propofol Injectable Emulsion, USP (Containing Benzyl Alcohol), Due to the Potential Presence of Visible Particulate

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Hospira Issues a Voluntary Nationwide Recall for One Lot of Propofol Injectable Emulsion, USP (Containing Benzyl Alcohol), Due to the Potential Presence of Visible Particulate via Food and Drug Administration--Recalls/Safety Alerts Hospira, Inc., a Pfizer company, is voluntarily recalling one lot of Propofol Injectable Emulsion, USP (containing benzyl alcohol) to the user level due to a visible particulate observed in a single vial during annual examination of retain samples View on Web

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Polymethylmethacrylate denture base layering as a new approach for the addition of antifungal agents

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Polymethylmethacrylate denture base layering as a new approach for the addition of antifungal agents via Journal of Prosthodontics Abstract Purpose To introduce a new technique, denture base layering, for the addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and to investigate the effects of the layering technique on Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhesion and on surface roughness, hardness, translucency, and flexural strength. Materials & Methods In total, 210 heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens were prepared as discs (15 × 2 mm) for testing C. albicans adhesion (n = 70) and surface roughness, hardness, and translucency (n = 70); and as acrylic plates (65 × 10 × 2.5 mm) for testing flexural strength (n = 70). Specimens were divided into 4 groups: control (n = 30), one-layer (n = 60), double-layer (n = 60), and dotted-layer (n = 60) according to the packing and layering technique. Each group was divided according to the concentration of TiO2NPs 1% and 2.5% (n = 10). The control group comprised one layer of unmodified resin. The one-layer group comprised one layer of a mixture of PMMA/TiO2NPs packed conventionally. The double-layer group consisted of two different layers packed in two steps, as follows: unmodified resin first, followed by a continuous thin layer of the PMMA/TiO2NPs mixture. Similarly, the dotted-layer group consisted of two di fferent layers packed in two steps, as follows: unmodified resin first, followed by a thin layer of the PMMA/TiO2NPs. However, the second mixture was added in a dotted manner. The direct culture method for C. albicans adhesion before and after ultraviolet light activation, and surface roughness, hardness, translucency, and flexural strength were measured. An analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). Results The addition of TiO2NPs reduced C. albicans adhesion (P ˂.001). However, no significant difference was found between both concentrations within the same group before and after ultraviolet light activation (P >0.05), except in the 1% dotted-layer (P = .022). Surface roughness and hardness were not affected by the additions of different concentrations of TiO2NPs (P = .905) and (P = .059), respectively. Translucency was significantly reduced in all the groups (P ˂.001) except in the 1% dotted-layer (P = .332). Flexural strength decreased as the TiO2NPs concentration increased, with the greatest reduction in strength observed in the one-layer group (P ˂.001). Conclusions The double and dotted layering techniques were effective in reducing C. albicans adhesion, without affecting surface roughness, hardness, or flexural strength. However, translucency was reduced in all the groups, except the 1% dotted-layer group. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved View on Web

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