Advanced renal cell carcinoma in some cases causes malignant intravascular thrombus with the potential for growth into the inferior vena cava or even the right atrium. Renal cell carcinoma is accompanied by ma...
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Cancer Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Τετάρτη 24 Οκτωβρίου 2018
Transabdominal two-cavity approach for radical nephrectomy combined with inferior vena cava thrombectomy for malignant thrombus caused by renal cell carcinoma: a case series
Monoclonal gammopathy in prostate carcinoma: a case report and review of literature
Monoclonal gammopathy is commonly associated with plasma cell dyscrasia. However, monoclonal gammopathy without bone marrow plasmacytosis in prostate carcinoma has rarely been reported. The association between...
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Comparative Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate and Intravenous Lipid Emulsions on Reversing Bupivacaine-Induced Electrophysiological Toxicity in a Porcine Experimental Model
BACKGROUND: Bupivacaine cardiotoxicity mainly manifests as inhibition of the cardiac sodium channel, which slows conduction, particularly at the ventricular level. Experimental studies have demonstrated that intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) can reduce the cardiotoxic effects of bupivacaine, but the extent of these effects is controversial. Sodium bicarbonate (B) represents the standard treatment of toxicity related to sodium channel–blocking drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ILEs and B on the speed of recovery from bupivacaine-induced effects on the electrocardiographic parameters. METHODS: Bupivacaine 4 mg/kg was administered to 24 anesthetized pigs. Three minutes after delivering the bupivacaine bolus, the animals were given the following: ILE 1.5 mL/kg followed by 0.25 mL/kg/min (ILE group) and B 2 mEq/kg followed by 1 mEq/kg/h (B group). Controls (C group) were given saline solution, 50 mL followed by 1 mL/kg/h. Electrophysiological parameters were evaluated in sinus rhythm and during right ventricular pacing at several time intervals up to 30 minutes. Data were analyzed as the area under the curve (AUC) for the first 10 minutes (AUC10) or 30 minutes (AUC30). RESULTS: Bupivacaine increased the sinus cycle length, PR interval, and QRS duration. AUC30 of the sinus rhythm QRS duration after antidote administration was significantly different among the 3 groups (P = .003). B group experienced faster recovery from intoxication than the C group (AUC10, P = .003; AUC30, P = .003) or the ILE group (AUC10, P = .018). During the first minute, 50% of the B group (versus 0% of the ILE and C groups) had recovered >30% of QRS duration (P = .011). The trend toward faster recovery in the ILE group than in the C group did not reach significance (AUC10, P = .23; AUC30, P = .06). Effects on the paced QRS duration at a rate of 150 bpm were more intense but with similar results (B versus C group: AUC10, P = .009; AUC30, P = .009; B versus ILE: AUC10, P = .015; AUC30, P = .024). The recovery process of the paced QRS tended to be slower for all antidotes. CONCLUSIONS: In a closed-chest swine model, B was an effective treatment for electrophysiological alterations caused by established bupivacaine toxicity. At clinical doses, B ameliorated bupivacaine electrocardiographic toxicity faster than ILE. Use-dependent effects of bupivacaine are prominent and delay the effects of both antidotes, but B produces faster recovery than ILE. Accepted for publication September 19, 2018. Funding: Supported by a research grant from the Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness of Spain, and Fondos Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website (https://ift.tt/KegmMq). Reprints will not be available from the authors. Address correspondence to Matilde Zaballos, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Tellez, No. 52, 3º D, Madrid 28007, Spain. Address e-mail to mati@plagaro.net. © 2018 International Anesthesia Research Society
https://ift.tt/2ywD6IO
https://ift.tt/2ywD6IO
Objective Epidural Space Identification Using Continuous Real-Time Pressure Sensing Technology: A Randomized Controlled Comparison With Fluoroscopy and Traditional Loss of Resistance
BACKGROUND: Performance of epidural anesthesia and analgesia depends on successful identification of the epidural space (ES). While multiple investigations have described objective and alternative methodologies to identify the ES, traditional loss of resistance (LOR) and fluoroscopy (FC) are currently standard of care in labor and delivery (L&D) and chronic pain (CP) management, respectively. While FC is associated with high success, it exposes patients to radiation and requires appropriate radiological equipment. LOR is simple but subjective and consequently associated with higher failure rates. The purpose of this investigation was to compare continuous, quantitative, real-time, needle-tip pressure sensing using a novel computer-controlled ES identification technology to FC and LOR for lumbar ES identification. METHODS: A total of 400 patients were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled noninferiority trial. In the CP management arm, 240 patients scheduled to receive a lumbar epidural steroid injection had their ES identified either with FC or with needle-tip pressure measurement. In the L&D arm, 160 female patients undergoing lumbar epidural catheter placements were randomized to either LOR or needle-tip pressure measurement. Blinded observers determined successful ES identification in both arms. A modified intention-to-treat protocol was implemented, with patients not having the procedure for reasons preceding the intervention excluded. Noninferiority of needle-tip pressure measurement regarding the incidence of successful ES identification was claimed when the lower limit of the 97.27% confidence interval (CI) for the odds ratio (OR) was above 0.50 (50% less likely to identify the ES) and P value for noninferioirty <.023. results: demographics were similar between procedure groups with a mild imbalance in relation to gender when evaluated through standardized difference. noninferiority of needle-tip pressure measurement was demonstrated fc where pain management patients presented success rate es identification both methodologies ci p=".021" for and l experienced noninferior the novel technology vs or using priori delta conclusions: objective lumbar continuous quantitative real-time compuflo epidural computer controlled anesthesia system resulted rates compared lor cp respectively. benefits this may include nonexposure radiation contrast medium consequently reduced health care costs. accepted publication september funding: clinical trial funded by milestone scientific livingston nj. conflicts interest: see disclosures at end article. number: nct02378727 clinicaltrials.gov. reprints will not be available from authors. address correspondence ralf e. gebhard md department anesthesiology university miami miller school medicine nw ave c-300 fl e-mail rgebhard international research society>
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https://ift.tt/2JdGsV7
Distraction-Free Induction Zone: A Quality Improvement Initiative at a Large Academic Children’s Hospital to Improve the Quality and Safety of Anesthetic Care for Our Patients
BACKGROUND: Noise in the operating room may cause distractions during critical periods and impair reliable communication between staff. Even momentary inefficiency while administering anesthesia can lead to errors and serious consequences for the patient. Distractions to an anesthesia provider during critical periods such as induction and emergence are a patient safety issue. Because of concerns regarding unacceptable noise levels and distractions during induction of general anesthesia, our institution developed a quality improvement initiative, the "Distraction-Free Induction Zone." The specific aim of this project was to decrease the percentage of cases with a distraction, described as music, unnecessary conversations, or loud noises, occurring during induction of general anesthesia in pediatric otolaryngology operating rooms from 61% to 15%. METHODS: To complete this quality improvement initiative, a multidisciplinary team used improvement science methods, including The Model for Improvement with interventions tested via Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. We used tools such as the Key Driver Diagram, Pareto Charts, Process Flow Chart, and Plan-Do-Study-Act worksheets. Data were manually collected and entered weekly in an Excel spreadsheet. Statistical process control methods, including a run chart and a P-control chart, were used for data analysis. Our measure was a composite measure in which observation of 1 of the 3 distractions during induction of general anesthesia categorized the case as a case with a distraction. RESULTS: We tested and implemented several interventions via Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles in which 3 main interventions collectively were associated with an observed decrease in distractions during induction of general anesthesia. These included educating the perioperative staff present in the operating room to help them understand that distractions to anesthesia providers represent a patient safety issue, the operating room circulating nurse taking responsibility to pause any music on arrival to the operating room, and the anesthesiologist reminding the staff in the operating room of induction time and/or asking for quiet during induction if a distraction occurs. The percentage of cases with a distraction during induction of general anesthesia in our pediatric otolaryngology operating rooms decreased from 61% to 15% by April 15, 2017 and to 10% by June 5, 2017. CONCLUSIONS: Using improvement science methods, we observed a decrease in distractions during induction of general anesthesia, improved a process, and encouraged change in culture at a large academic children's hospital to enhance the quality and safety of the anesthetic care we provide our patients. Accepted for publication September 19, 2018. Funding: None. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Reprints will not be available from the authors. Address correspondence to Christy J. Crockett, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Suite 3116, Nashville, TN 37232. Address e-mail to christy.crockett@vumc.org. © 2018 International Anesthesia Research Society
https://ift.tt/2ywD17Y
https://ift.tt/2ywD17Y
Dexmedetomidine-Mediated Prevention of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Depends in Part on Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
BACKGROUND: Organ ischemia-reperfusion injury often induces local and systemic inflammatory responses, which in turn worsen organ injury. These inflammatory responses can be regulated by the central nervous system, particularly by the vagal nerve and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are the key components of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can suppress excessive inflammatory responses and be a potential strategy for prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury of organs including the kidney. METHODS: Vagal nerve activity, plasma acetylcholine, catecholamine and inflammatory mediators, renal tissue injury, and cell death were measured in mice with bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion with or without treatment with dexmedetomidine (Dex), an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist. RESULTS: Dex significantly increased the discharge frequency of the cervical vagal nerve by up to 142 Hz (mean) (P
https://ift.tt/2Jd57sM
https://ift.tt/2Jd57sM
Perioperative Management and In-Hospital Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum: A Multicenter Registry Report From the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Improvement Network
BACKGROUND: There are few comparative data on the analgesic options used to manage patients undergoing minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE). The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Improvement Network was established to investigate outcomes for procedures where there is significant management variability. For our first study, we established a multicenter observational database to characterize the analgesic strategies used to manage pediatric patients undergoing MIRPE. Outcome data from the participating centers were used to assess the association between analgesic strategy and pain outcomes. METHODS: Fourteen institutions enrolled patients from June 2014 through August 2015. Network members agreed to an observational methodology where each institution managed patients based on their institutional standards and protocols. There was no requirement to standardize care. Patients were categorized based on analgesic strategy: epidural catheter (EC), paravertebral catheter (PVC), wound catheter (WC), no regional (NR) analgesia, and intrathecal morphine techniques. Primary outcomes, pain score and opioid consumption by postoperative day (POD), for each technique were compared while adjusting for confounders using multivariable modeling that included 5 covariates: age, sex, number of bars, Haller index, and use of preoperative pain medication. Pain scores were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction. Opioid consumption was analyzed using a multivariable quantile regression. RESULTS: Data were collected on 348 patients and categorized based on primary analgesic strategy: EC (122), PVC (57), WC (41), NR (120), and intrathecal morphine (8). Compared to EC, daily median pain scores were higher in patients managed with PVC (POD 0), WC (POD 0, 1, 2, 3), and NR (POD 0, 1, 2), respectively (P
https://ift.tt/2JeDMGK
https://ift.tt/2JeDMGK
Pharmacokinetics of Cefazolin and Vancomycin in Infants Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
BACKGROUND: Gram-positive bacteria account for nearly three-quarters of all surgical site infections. Antibiotic prophylaxis against these bacteria with cephalosporins or, in select circumstances, with vancomycin is considered standard of care for prevention of surgical site infections. There is little evidence to describe the optimal dosing regimen for surgical site infection prophylaxis in infants undergoing cardiac surgery, and a great deal of institutional variability exists in dosing prophylactic antibiotics. We designed this study to describe an optimal dose regimen for cephalosporin and vancomycin based on pharmacokinetic evidence for infant open-heart surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Two separate cohorts of infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were evaluated. Plasma concentrations of vancomycin (cohort 1, N = 10) and cefazolin (cohort 2, N = 10) were measured, and mixed-effects pharmacokinetic models were constructed for each drug. Simulations of various dosing regimens were performed to describe an appropriate dosing regimen necessary to maintain antibiotic concentrations above the susceptibility cutoff for staphylococci. RESULTS: Both cefazolin and vancomycin plasma concentration versus time profiles were characterized by a 2-compartment model. Subject weight was a significant covariate for V1 for vancomycin. Subject age was a significant covariate for V1 for cefazolin. Cardiopulmonary bypass did not influence concentration versus time profiles. Simulations demonstrated that a 1-hour vancomycin infusion (15 mg·kg−1), repeated every 12 hours and a 10-minute infusion of cefazolin (30 mg·kg−1), repeated every 4 hours maintained plasma concentrations above 4 μg·mL−1 and 16 μg·mL−1, for vancomycin and cefazolin, respectively. Both concentrations are above the minimum inhibitory concentration 90 for most susceptible staphylococci. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic treatment of vancomycin 15 mg·kg−1 infused >1 hour with 12-hour redosing and cefazolin 30 mg·kg−1 infused >10 minutes with 4-hour redosing will maintain serum levels of each antibiotic above the susceptibility cut-offs for susceptible staphylococci in infants undergoing cardiac surgery. Cefazolin levels may be adequate for some, but not all, Gram-negative bacteria. The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on pharmacokinetics is negligible. Accepted for publication September 19, 2018. Funding: None. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website (https://ift.tt/KegmMq). Clinical Trials Registry: NCT01619982. Reprints will not be available from the authors. Address correspondence to Jerry Ingrande, MD, MS, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 402 Dickinson St, Hillcrest, CA 92103. Address e-mail to jingrande@ucsd.edu. © 2018 International Anesthesia Research Society
https://ift.tt/2yEzXH1
https://ift.tt/2yEzXH1
Cervical Spine Movement in a Cadaveric Model of Severe Spinal Instability: A Study Comparing Tracheal Intubation With 4 Different Laryngoscopes
Background: This study compared the Macintosh blade direct laryngoscope, Glidescope, C-Mac d-Blade, and McGrath MAC X-blade video laryngoscopes in 2 cadaveric models with severe cervical spinal instability. We hypothesized that the Glidescope video laryngoscope would allow for intubation with the least amount of cervical spine movement. Our secondary endpoints were glottic visualization and intubation success. Methods: In total, 2 fresh cadavers underwent maximal surgical destabilization from the craniocervical junction to the cervicothoracic junction by a neurosurgical spine specialist, with subsequent neutral positioning of the heads with surgical head fixation devices. On each cadaver, 8 experienced anesthesiologists performed four intubations with the 4 laryngoscopes in random order. Lateral radiographic measurements determined vertebral displacement during intubation. Results: Cervical spine displacements were not significantly different amongst video laryngoscopes. Cormack-Lehane Grade 1 views were achieved with all attempts with each of the 3 video laryngoscopes; intubation attempts with the Macintosh blade achieved only grade 3 or grade 4 views. Intubation was successful every time with a video laryngoscope but only during 1 of 16 intubation attempts with the Macintosh blade. Conclusions: In a cadaveric model with maximally destabilized cervical spines, cervical spine movement was observed during attempted laryngoscopy using each of 3 video laryngoscopes, although there was no significant difference between the laryngoscopes. Given cervical spine displacement occurred, these video laryngoscopes do not prevent cervical spine motion during laryngoscopy. However, with improved glottic visualization and intubation success, video laryngoscopes are superior to the Macintosh blade in both cervical spine safety and intubation efficacy in the model studied. Supported by Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Address correspondence to: Jia W. Romito, MD, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9068 (e-mail: Jia.Romito@utsouthwestern.edu). Received March 5, 2018 Accepted September 19, 2018 Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved
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https://ift.tt/2PQi52c
Complex congenital cardiac anomalies in the setting of right isomerism in a 31-month-old infant: a case report
Congenital cardiac defects are not rare among neonates. Prompt assessment for life-threatening anomalies is essential for rapid management decisions and positive outcomes. Extracardiac anomalies can occur in c...
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Proctalgia and constipation secondary to hypertrophic polyglucosan inclusion body myopathy of the internal anal sphincter: a case report
Hereditary polyglucosan inclusion body myopathy of the internal anal sphincter is a rare cause of proctalgia fugax and constipation. Treatment options are explored.
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