Evaluating the psychometric properties of two-item and four-item short forms of the Japanese Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Purpose

The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire is a valid measure assessing self-efficacy in individuals with chronic pain. Short-form versions of the measure have been developed to decrease the assessment burden. However, few studies have evaluated the psychometric properties of the short forms in languages other than English. The aim of this study was to evaluate two 2-item short forms and one 4-item short form of the Japanese Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in terms of internal consistency, criterion validity, structural validity, and construct validity.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. Data from 150 individuals with mixed chronic pain at a pain management center in a university hospital were extracted from clinical records and analyzed. The data included the information of the original version and short forms of the Japanese Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and other pain-related measures assessing pain intensity, pain interference, anxiety, depression and pain catastrophizing.

Results

Item statistics supported the item selection for each of the three short forms. All the short forms demonstrated adequate internal consistency and criterion validity. With respect to construct validity, one of the 2-item short forms failed to meet the criterion regarding the change in the magnitude of correlation with a depression scale. The 4-item short form met all the criteria including structural validity.

Conclusion

The study findings provide evidence for the reliability and validity of 2- and 4-item versions of the Japanese Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for use in clinical and research settings.

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Relevance of peripheral cholinesterase activity on postoperative delirium in adult surgical patients (CESARO): A prospective observational cohort study

BACKGROUND The cholinergic system is considered to play a key role in the development of postoperative delirium (POD), which is a common complication after surgery. OBJECTIVES To determine whether peri-operative acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities are associated with the development of POD in in-hospital surgical patients, and raise hypotheses on cholinergic regulatory mechanisms in POD. DESIGN A prospective multicentre observational study by the Peripheral Cholinesterase-activity on Neurocognitive Dysfunctions in Surgical Patients (CESARO) study group. SETTING Nine German hospitals. PATIENTS Patients of at least 18 years of age scheduled for inpatient elective surgery for a variety of surgical procedures. A total of 650 patients (mean age 61.5 years, 52.8% male) were included. METHODS Clinical variables, and peripheral AChE and BuChE activities, were assessed throughout the peri-operative period using bedside point-of-care measurements (one pre-operative and two postoperative measurements). POD screening was conducted postoperatively for at least 24 h and up to the third postoperative day using a validated screening tool (nursing delirium screening scale). RESULTS In all, 179 patients (27.5%) developed POD within the early postoperative phase. There was a lower BuChE activity in patients with delirium compared with patients without delirium pre-operatively (Cohen's r = 0.07, P = 0.091), on postoperative day 1 (Cohen's r = 0.12, P = 0.003) and on postoperative day 2 (Cohen's r = 0.12, P = 0.002). In contrast, there was a significantly higher AChE activity in patients with delirium compared with patients without delirium pre-operatively (Cohen's r = 0.10, P = 0.012), on postoperative day 1 (Cohen's r = 0.11, P = 0.004) and on postoperative day 2 (Cohen's r = 0.13, P = 0.002). After adjusting for covariates in multiple logistic regression, a significant association between both BuChE and AChE activities and POD was not found. However, in the multivariable analysis using the Generalized Estimating Equation, cholinesterase activities showed that a decrease of BuChE activity by 100 U L−1 increased the risk of a delirium by approximately 2.1% (95% CI 1.6 to 2.8%) and for each 1 U g−1 of haemoglobin increase in AChE activity, there was a 1.4% (95% CI 0.6 to 2.2%) increased risk of POD. CONCLUSION Peri-operative peripheral cholinesterase activities may be related to the development of POD, but the clinical implications remain unclear. Further studies, in homogeneous patient groups with a strict protocol for measurement time points, are needed to investigate the relationship between cholinesterase activities and POD. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier NCT01964274. Correspondence to Claudia D. Spies, Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 450 551001; e-mail: claudia.spies@charite.de Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (https://ift.tt/2ylyqmW). © 2018 European Society of Anaesthesiology

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Goal-directed therapy during transthoracic oesophageal resection does not improve outcome: Randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND Goal-directed therapy (GDT) is expected to be of highest benefit in high-risk surgery. Therefore, GDT is recommended during oesophageal resection, which carries a high risk of postoperative complications. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that GDT during oesophageal resection improves outcome compared with standard care. DESIGN A randomised controlled study. SETTING Two Swedish university hospitals, between October 2011 and October 2015. PATIENTS Sixty-four patients scheduled for elective transthoracic oesophageal resection were randomised. Exclusion criteria included colonic interposition and significant aortic or mitral valve insufficiency. INTERVENTION A three-step GDT protocol included stroke volume optimisation using colloid boluses as assessed by pulse-contour analysis, dobutamine infusion if cardiac index was below 2.5 l min−1 m−2 and norepinephrine infusion if mean arterial blood pressure was below 65 mmHg. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The incidence of complications per patient at 5 and 30 days postoperatively as assessed using a predefined list. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients were available for analysis. Patients in the intervention group received more colloid fluid (2190 ± 875 vs. 1596 ± 759 ml, P 

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Development of a prediction model for postoperative pneumonia: A multicentre prospective observational study

BACKGROUND Postoperative pneumonia is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs. Prediction models of pneumonia that are currently available are based on retrospectively collected data and administrative coding systems. OBJECTIVE To identify independent variables associated with the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia. DESIGN A prospective observational study of a multicentre cohort (Prospective Evaluation of a RIsk Score for postoperative pulmonary COmPlications in Europe database). SETTING Sixty-three hospitals in Europe. PATIENTS Patients undergoing surgery under general and/or regional anaesthesia during a 7-day recruitment period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome was postoperative pneumonia. Definition: the need for treatment with antibiotics for a respiratory infection and at least one of the following criteria: new or changed sputum; new or changed lung opacities on a clinically indicated chest radiograph; temperature more than 38.3 °C; leucocyte count more than 12 000 μl−1. RESULTS Postoperative pneumonia occurred in 120 out of 5094 patients (2.4%). Eighty-two of the 120 (68.3%) patients with pneumonia required ICU admission, compared with 399 of the 4974 (8.0%) without pneumonia (P 

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Ultrasound-guided vs. palpation-guided techniques for radial arterial catheterisation in infants: A randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND The usefulness of ultrasound-guided techniques for radial arterial catheterisation has been well identified; however, its usefulness has not been completely evaluated in infants under 12 months of age, who are generally considered the most difficult group for arterial catheterisation. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether ultrasound guidance would improve success rates and reduce the number of attempts at radial arterial catheterisation in infants. DESIGN A randomised, controlled and patient-blinded study. SETTING Single-centre trial, study period from June 2016 to February 2017. PATIENTS Seventy-four infants undergoing elective cardiac surgery. INTERVENTION Patients were allocated randomly into either ultrasound-guided group (group US) or palpation-guided group (group P) (each n=37) according to the technique applied for radial arterial catheterisation. All arterial catheterisations were performed by one of two experienced anaesthesiologists based on group assignment and were recorded on video. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary endpoint was the first-pass success. The number of attempts and total duration of the procedure until successful catheterisation were also analysed. RESULTS The first-pass success rate was significantly higher in the group US than in the group P (68 vs. 38%, P = 0.019). In addition, fewer attempts were needed for successful catheterisation in the group US than in the group P (median 1 [IQR 1 to 2] vs. 2 [1 to 4], P = 0.023). However, the median [IQR] procedural time (s) until successful catheterisation in the two groups was not significantly different (102 [49 to 394] vs. 218 [73 to 600], P = 0.054). CONCLUSION The current study demonstrated that the ultrasound-guided technique for radial arterial catheterisation in infants effectively improved first-pass success rate and also reduced the number of attempts required. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02795468. Correspondence to Jong-Hwan Lee, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea Tel: +82 2 3410 1928; fax: +82 2 3410 0361; e-mail: jonghwanlee75@gmail.com © 2018 European Society of Anaesthesiology

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Port site parasitic leiomyoma after laparoscopic myomectomy: a case report and review of the literature

Uterine fibroids are the commonest benign gynecological tumors. Laparoscopic myomectomy is becoming increasingly popular as one of the surgical treatment options for symptomatic cases. Large tissues such as le...

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Transient femoral nerve neuropathy secondary to haematoma after medial thigh lift

Abstract

We report an unusual and rare complication of transient femoral nerve neuropathy secondary to a large haematoma after medial thigh lift surgery. This has never been previously reported in the literature in association with this procedure. It is prudent to raise awareness that such a significant complication, although rare, can occur even with such a benign procedure, and that it is readily reversible with prompt recognition and early treatment.

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