Πέμπτη 17 Μαρτίου 2022

Voice Symptoms and Wellbeing in School Teachers in England

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Negative psychological factors such as depression and other common mental disorders have been found to be associated with voice problems in teachers. However, there is little research with teachers that investigates the relationship between positive psychological factors such as wellbeing and voice problems. Although negative and positive mental states are on a continuum of psychological health, research suggests negative and positive effects are not necessarily inversely correlated and therefore need to be investigated separately.
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Active Surveillance Versus Thyroid Surgery for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review

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Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
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Acute anterior thigh compartment syndrome in Premiership rugby

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BMJ Case Rep. 2022 Mar 15;15(3):e247307. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247307.

ABSTRACT

A case study of acute compartment syndrome in the anterior lateral thigh of a professional Rugby Union Flanker with no history of trauma is presented. The report covers all details from initial occurrence; medical history; investigations and surgical treatment; manual stimulus and rehabilitation; return to play; challenges and considerations-resulting in a positive outcome. Resultant observations/recomm endations are that investigations should be swift and carefully considered to facilitate surgical intervention via decompressive fasciotomy as required.

PMID:35292543 | DOI:10.1136/bcr-2021-247307

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Deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus modulates cortical auditory processing in advanced Parkinson's Disease

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PLoS One. 2022 Feb 24;17(2):e0264333. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264333. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven its clinical efficacy in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its exact mechanisms and cortical effects continue to be unclear. Subthalamic (STN) DBS acutely modifies auditory evoked responses, but its long-term effect on auditory cortical processing remains ambiguous. We studied with magnetoencephalography the effect of long-term STN DBS on auditory processing in patients with advanced PD. DBS resulted in significantly increased contra-ipsilateral auditory response latency difference at ~100 ms after stimulus onset compared with preoperative state. The effect is likely due to normalization of neuronal asynchrony in the auditory pathways. The present results indicate that STN DBS in advanced PD patients has long-lasting effects on cortical areas outside those confined to motor processing. Whole-head magnetoencep halography provides a feasible tool to study motor and non-motor neural networks in PD, and to track possible changes related to cortical reorganization or plasticity induced by DBS.

PMID:35202426 | PMC:PMC8870490 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0264333

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Pediatric morphometric study to guide the optimized implantation of the Osia® 2 implant system

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Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Mar 16. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07338-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Continuous technological advances result in the availability of new bone conduction hearing implants, of which their suitability for pediatric patients is of major concern. The CochlearTMOsia® 2 is a new active osseointegrated steady-state implant system that uses digital piezoelectric stimulation to treat hearing loss. The implant in the United States was approved for patients aged 12 years and above, whereas the CE mark is independent of age, the only requirement is body weight of at least 7 kg. Therefore, further clinical studies are required to assess device characteristics in younger patients. The aim of our study was to perform a morphometric study among 5-12-year-old children, and to develop a surgical protocol for Osia 2 system implantation based on these findings.

METHODS: We examined r etrospectively cranial CT scans of 5-12-year-old patients from our clinical database. We measured the bone and soft-tissue thickness in the region of interest, and the position of the sigmoid sinus. 3D printed temporal bones were also used for planning.

RESULTS: Soft-tissue thickness varied between 3.2 ± 0.5 mm and 3.6 ± 0.6 mm and bone thickness varied between 3.5 ± 1.1 mm and 4.7 ± 0.3 mm. The sigmoid sinus was located 1.3 ± 0.2 cm posterior to the ear canal, and the anterior distance was 4.8 ± 0.9 to 7.1 ± 1.1 mm.

CONCLUSIONS: Our morphometric studies showed that patients aged 5-12 have different anatomical dimensions compared to adults, but that implantation of the Osia 2 system is feasible in these patients using an altered implant positioning recommended by our data. The Cochlear™ Osia® 2 is, therefore, an option for hearing rehabilitation in younger pediatrics.

PMID:35292851 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07338-2

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Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare in potable water in the USA

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Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infections are increasing in the USA and have a high cost burden associated with treatment. Thus, it is necessary to understand what changes could be contributing to this increase in NTM disease rate. Water samples from 40 sites were collected from around the USA. They represented three water types: groundwater disinfected with chlorine and surface water disinfected with chlorine or monochloramine. Two methods, culture and qPCR, were used to measure M. avium and M. intracellulare. Heterotrophic bacteria and NTM counts were also measured. M. avium and M. intracellulare were molecularly detected in 25% (73/292) and 35% (102/292) of samples. The mean concentrations of M. avium and M. intracellulare were 2.8 × 103 and 4.0 × 103 genomic units (GU) L−1. The Northeast sites had the highest sample positively rate for both M. avium and M. intracellulare. The highest NTM counts and M. avium concentrations were observed in the surface water treated with chloramine. Geographic location and source water/disinfectant type were observed to significantly influence M. avium and M. intracellulare occurrence rates. These studies can help improve public health risk management by balancing disinfectant treatments and diverse microbial loads in drinking water.

Key points

• M. avium (MA) culture rate increased significantly: 1% (1999) to 13%.

• Culture versus qPCR method: 13% vs 31% for MA and 6% vs 35% for MI.

• The results of each method type tell two different stories of MA and MI occurrence.

Graphical abstract

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