Editorial Board

Publication date: July 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Volume 115





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The role of the systemic inflammatory response in predicting outcomes in patients with advanced inoperable cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 9 June 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Ross D Dolan, Stephen T McSorley, Paul G Horgan, Barry Laird, Donald C McMillan
IntroductionCancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. While a curative intent is the aim of any surgical treatment many patients either present with or go onto develop disseminated disease requiring systemic anti-cancer therapy with a palliative intent. Given their limited life expectancy appropriate allocation of treatment is vital. It is recognised that systemic chemoradiotherapy may shorten the quality/quantity of life in patients with advanced cancer. It is against this background that the present systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic value of markers of the systemic inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer was conducted.MethodsAn extensive literature review using targeted medical subject headings was carried out in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CDSR databases until the end of 2016. Titles were examined for relevance and studies relating to duplicate datasets, that were not published in English and that did not have full text availability were excluded. Full texts of relevant articles were obtained and were then examined to identify any further relevant articles.ResultsThe majority of studies were retrospective. The systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by a number of markers at clinical thresholds, was reported to have independent prognostic value, across tumour types and geographical locations. In particular, C-reactive protein (CRP, 63 studies), albumin (33 studies) the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS, 44 studies) and the Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR, 59 articles) were consistently validated across tumour types and geographical locations. There was considerable variation in the thresholds reported to have prognostic value when CRP and albumin were examined. There was less variation in the thresholds reported for NLR and still less for the GPS.DiscussionThe systemic inflammatory response, especially as evidenced by the GPS and NLR, has reliable prognostic value in patients with advanced cancer. Further prospective studies of their clinical utility in randomised clinical trials and in treatment allocation are warranted.



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Adiponectin: its role in obesity-associated colon and prostate cancers

Publication date: Available online 9 June 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Santoshi Muppala, Siva KP Konduru, Neha Merchant, Judy Ramsoondar, Carlos Karan Rampersad, Balney Rajitha, Vidya Mukund, Jyothsna Kancherla, Anthea Hammond, Tapan Kumar Barik, Mastan Mannarapu, Afroz Alam, Riyaz Basha, Pallavula Veera Bramhachari, Dheeraj Verma, Pinninti Santosh Sushma, Subasini Pattnaik, Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
Adipose tissue synthesizes many proteins and hormones collectively called adipokines, which are linked to a number of diseases, including cancer. Low levels of adiponectin are reported to be a risk factor for obesity-related cancers including colorectal and prostate cancers. Accordingly, obesity/lifestyle-related diseases, including certain cancers, may be treated by developing drugs that act specifically on adiponectin levels in circulation. Adiponectin may also serve as a clinical biomarker in obesity-related diseases. Adiponectin-based therapies are known to inhibit cancer advancement and thus may provide a therapeutic approach to delay cancer progression. Better understanding of the function of adiponectin is of great significance in the fight against cancer. This timely review is concentrated on the role of adiponectin and the impact of obesity on the development of cancers, especially colorectal and prostate cancers.



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BIOMARKERS OF RESPONSE TO PD-1/PD-L1 INHIBITION

Publication date: Available online 6 June 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Saman Maleki Vareki, Carmen Garrigós, Ignacio Duran
Immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy for cancer that has recently shown unprecedented survival benefits in selected patients. A number of immunomodulatory agents that target immune system checkpoints such as the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), the programmed death-1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), have received regulatory approval for the treatment of multiple cancers including malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors have little or no benefit while these treatments are costly and might have associated toxicities. Hence, the establishment of valid predictors of treatment response has become a priority. This review summarizes the current evidence around biomarkers of response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition, considering features related to the tumor and to the host immune system.



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Editorial Board

Publication date: July 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Volume 115





http://ift.tt/2sMHnTN

The role of the systemic inflammatory response in predicting outcomes in patients with advanced inoperable cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 9 June 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Ross D Dolan, Stephen T McSorley, Paul G Horgan, Barry Laird, Donald C McMillan
IntroductionCancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. While a curative intent is the aim of any surgical treatment many patients either present with or go onto develop disseminated disease requiring systemic anti-cancer therapy with a palliative intent. Given their limited life expectancy appropriate allocation of treatment is vital. It is recognised that systemic chemoradiotherapy may shorten the quality/quantity of life in patients with advanced cancer. It is against this background that the present systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic value of markers of the systemic inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer was conducted.MethodsAn extensive literature review using targeted medical subject headings was carried out in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CDSR databases until the end of 2016. Titles were examined for relevance and studies relating to duplicate datasets, that were not published in English and that did not have full text availability were excluded. Full texts of relevant articles were obtained and were then examined to identify any further relevant articles.ResultsThe majority of studies were retrospective. The systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by a number of markers at clinical thresholds, was reported to have independent prognostic value, across tumour types and geographical locations. In particular, C-reactive protein (CRP, 63 studies), albumin (33 studies) the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS, 44 studies) and the Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR, 59 articles) were consistently validated across tumour types and geographical locations. There was considerable variation in the thresholds reported to have prognostic value when CRP and albumin were examined. There was less variation in the thresholds reported for NLR and still less for the GPS.DiscussionThe systemic inflammatory response, especially as evidenced by the GPS and NLR, has reliable prognostic value in patients with advanced cancer. Further prospective studies of their clinical utility in randomised clinical trials and in treatment allocation are warranted.



http://ift.tt/2sdrDft

Adiponectin: its role in obesity-associated colon and prostate cancers

Publication date: Available online 9 June 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Santoshi Muppala, Siva KP Konduru, Neha Merchant, Judy Ramsoondar, Carlos Karan Rampersad, Balney Rajitha, Vidya Mukund, Jyothsna Kancherla, Anthea Hammond, Tapan Kumar Barik, Mastan Mannarapu, Afroz Alam, Riyaz Basha, Pallavula Veera Bramhachari, Dheeraj Verma, Pinninti Santosh Sushma, Subasini Pattnaik, Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
Adipose tissue synthesizes many proteins and hormones collectively called adipokines, which are linked to a number of diseases, including cancer. Low levels of adiponectin are reported to be a risk factor for obesity-related cancers including colorectal and prostate cancers. Accordingly, obesity/lifestyle-related diseases, including certain cancers, may be treated by developing drugs that act specifically on adiponectin levels in circulation. Adiponectin may also serve as a clinical biomarker in obesity-related diseases. Adiponectin-based therapies are known to inhibit cancer advancement and thus may provide a therapeutic approach to delay cancer progression. Better understanding of the function of adiponectin is of great significance in the fight against cancer. This timely review is concentrated on the role of adiponectin and the impact of obesity on the development of cancers, especially colorectal and prostate cancers.



http://ift.tt/2rb5QVL