Potential pathogens in infertile male dromedary camels and their association with the spermiogram and clinical findings

Abstract

The role of five pathogens potentially implicated in the reproductive failure of 141 male dromedary camels was investigated. Breeding soundness examinations, which included semen analysis and testicular histopathology of the infertile male camels, were compared with seven camels of normal fertility. Antibodies against Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) were detected using the ELISA assay. Antibodies against Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) were identified using the card agglutination test. The Rose Bengal plate agglutination test was used to detect Brucella species. Preputial swabs were cultured for the presence of Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus). The incidence of positive titers of C. abortus and T. evansi, and the incidence of positive culture of C. fetus was found to be 13.5, 10.6, and 7.8%, respectively. T. evansi was more prevalent in younger (5–7 years) than older (more than 7 years) camels (p = 0.02). Most of the semen characteristics were negatively affected in the camels exposed to C. abortus and T. evansi (p = 0.05). T. evansi, C. fetus, and C. abortus may have a role in lowering the reproductive efficiency of male dromedaries. However, further diagnostic techniques are recommended to confirm their association with lowered fertility in this species.

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