Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and depression and to identify the risk factors for depressive symptoms among prostate cancer patients who received ADT.
Methods
We conducted a prospective, longitudinal, controlled study and assessed three groups of older patients: the ADT group (men who were presented with maximum androgen block); the radical prostatectomy group (RP) (PCa control group: men who underwent radical prostatectomy without ADT); and the BPH group (men who had benign prostatic hyperplasia). All patients completed the demographic questionnaire at baseline and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) at pretreatment baseline, 1 month, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months and 15 months.
Results
A total of 146 patients completed the study during the 15-month follow-up. The SDS scores of the three groups showed significant differences at 1 month (p < 0.001), 6 months (p = .009), 9 months (p < 0.001), 12 months (p < 0.001) and 15 months (p < 0.001). At 9 months, 12% of the men in the ADT group, 4.3% in the RP group and 2% in the BPH group showed depressive symptoms, and there were no significant differences (p = 0.095). However, there were significant differences among the three groups relative to the incidence of depressive symptoms at 12 months and 15 months (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, respectively). The analysis of the ADT subgroup indicated that alcohol consumption ( OR = 6.868; p = 0.046; 95% CI, 1.038 − 45.443) and smoking(OR = 13.661; p = 0.013;95% CI:1.722-108.386)increased the risk for developing depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
ADT use does significantly increase the depressive scores and enhance the incidence of depression among PCa patients who received ADT. Smoking and alcohol consumption are associated with depressive symptoms among PCa patients receiving ADT.
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