Inhibition of REDD1 sensitizes bladder urothelial carcinoma to paclitaxel by inhibiting autophagy

Purpose: Regulated in development and DNA damage response-1 (REDD1) is a stress related protein and is involved in the progression of cancer. The role and regulatory mechanism of REDD1 in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC), however, is yet unidentified. Experimental Design: The expression of REDD1 in BUC was detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The correlation between REDD1 expression and clinical features in BUC patients were assessed. The effects of REDD1 on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and paclitaxel sensitivity were determined both in vitro and in vivo. Then the targeted-regulating mechanism of REDD1 by microRNAs was explored. Results: Here the significant increase of REDD1 expression is detected in BUC tissue, and REDD1 is firstly reported as an independent prognostic factor in BUC patients. Silencing REDD1 expression in T24 and EJ cells decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and decreased autophagy, whereas the ectopic expression of REDD1 in RT4 and BIU87 cells had the opposite effect. Additionally, the REDD1-mediated proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy are found to be negatively regulated by miR-22 in vitro, which intensify the paclitaxel sensitivity via inhibition of the well-acknowledged REDD1-EEF2K-autophagy axis. AKT/mTOR signaling initially activated or inhibited in response to silencing or enhancing REDD1 expression and then recovered rapidly. Lastly, the inhibited REDD1 expression by either RNAi or miR-22 sensitizes BUC tumor cells to paclitaxel in a subcutaneous transplant sarcoma model in vivo. Conclusion: REDD1 is confirmed as an oncogene in BUC, and antagonizing REDD1 could be a potential therapeutic strategy to sensitize BUC cells to paclitaxel.

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