Retuning the Radio in Radiobiology

The radiobiology research community has contributed immensely to cancer research, with far-reaching and consequential scientific insights, including demonstration that the chromosome is the target of radiation-induced mutations (Muller, Nobel prize, 1946), advances in DNA repair (Lindahl/Modrich/Sancar, Nobel prize, 2015), descriptions of hypoxia in cancer biology (first noted by Thomlinson/Gray in 1955 [1] with eventual Lasker Prize to Ratcliffe/Semenza/Kaelin, 2016), identification of stem cells (Till/McCulloch, Lasker prize in 2005), and the work of Tolmach that presaged a fuller description of cell cycles (Hartwell/Hunt/Nurse, Nobel prize, 2001). Radiobiologic discoveries have transformed scientific disciplines well beyond the field of radiobiology. Furthermore, many radiobiology principles have slowly become embedded into larger scientific pursuits and clinical practice, such as multimodality chemoradiotherapy (2–4) and cancer immunotherapy (5–7).

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