Παρασκευή 30 Μαρτίου 2018

Acute brainstem compression

Description

A 34-year-old African woman, whose medical history was unremarkable, presented to the emergency room with severe headache and vomiting. Temperature, blood cells count, plasma electrolytes and chest X-ray were normal. Clinical conditions were rapidly deteriorating and neurological exam disclosed drowsiness, opisthotonus and decerebrate response to pain. Brain CT scan showed a 'full' posterior fossa, mild supratentorial hydrocephalus and herniation of cerebellar tonsils: after contrast, a nodule with ring enhancement and conspicuous perilesional oedema was disclosed in the right cerebellar hemisphere.

The patient was given diuretics and steroids with no success. Since the neurological conditions were worsening, a neurosurgical operation was then performed in emergency: posterior fossa was decompressed, the cerebellar nodular lesion was removed en bloc with microsurgical technique and a transient ventricular drain was placed. Neurological conditions promptly recovered after surgery.

Possible differential diagnosis:

Metastasis

Pyogenic abscess

Primitive brain tumour

Abscess from non-pyogenic agents.

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