Frequent PD-L1 expression in primary and metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma: potential opportunities for immunotherapeutic approaches

Novel immunotherapeutics that target tumor PD-L1 expression are emerging treatment options for patients with advanced cancer. In this study, we show that the majority of penile squamous cell carcinomas (SqCC) express PD-L1, which is associated with high-risk clinicopathologic features and poor clinical outcome. These data provide a rational basis for immunotherapeutics in advanced penile SqCC.

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