Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a skin camouflage program on disfigurement, self-esteem, social interaction, and body image in female head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors.
Methods
A prospective, repeated measures, randomized controlled therapeutic intervention design was employed. A total 66 participants were randomly assigned to each group, with 32 in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. The experimental group received a four-session skin camouflage program, and the control group received routine care. Patients were assessed at three time points: baseline assessment (T0), and then at 1, 2, and 3-months (T1, T2, and T3) after participating in the skin camouflage program.
Results
Patients in the experimental group had significantly less facial disfigurement, depression, fear of social interaction, and anxiety regarding social interaction compared to those in the control group. Participants in both groups had significantly lower levels of facial disfigurement, depression, fear of social interaction, anxiety of social interaction, and body image at the final post-test assessment than at the pretest assessment. There were no differences between the groups and within groups with respect to self-esteem.
Conclusions
The 3-month skin camouflage program effectively improved facial disfigurement, fear of social interaction, anxiety of social interaction, and body image of female HNC survivors. A survival care plan should include a skin camouflage program to improve body image perception and decrease anxiety after treatment of HNC.
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