[Comment] A step towards predicting checkpoint inhibitor response in kidney cancer

In this issue of The Lancet Oncology, Samra Turaljic and colleagues report a heroic undertaking, using whole-exome sequencing data from 5777 patients representing 19 solid tumour types.1 In their series, the presence of frameshift indels across this large pan-cancer cohort was associated with more tumour-specific neoantigens compared with non-synonymous single nucleotide variant (nsSNV) mutations. In renal cell carcinoma, frameshift indels were more prevalent compared with in other tumour types and were associated with enhanced antigen-presenting machinery and T-cell activation.

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