Source:Cancer/Radiothérapie
Author(s): A. Largent, J.-C. Nunes, C. Lafond, N. Périchon, J. Castelli, Y. Rolland, O. Acosta, R. de Crevoisier
http://ift.tt/2tqMgC6
Cancer Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Σάββατο 22 Ιουλίου 2017
Planification à partir d’imagerie par résonance magnétique en radiothérapie
Source:Cancer/Radiothérapie
Author(s): A. Largent, J.-C. Nunes, C. Lafond, N. Périchon, J. Castelli, Y. Rolland, O. Acosta, R. de Crevoisier
http://ift.tt/2tqMgC6
Impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy by ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy for patients with suspicious node positive breast cancer
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of preoperative diagnostic tools for axillary lymph nodes (LNs) staging of breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
A total of 2464 consecutive patients with operable breast cancer were prospectively identified at our institution between April 2012 and March 2017. Patients with suspicious axillary LN of breast cancer were assessed using preoperative ultrasound(US) or computed tomography (CT), underwent fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA) or core needle biopsy (CNB). The inclusion criteria for both FNA and CNB were a cortical thickness >3 mm or abnormal morphological characteristics. Patients with biopsy-proven metastasis underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), and those with a negative FNA or CNB underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB). If the SNB was positive, ALND was performed. Diagnostic accuracy for SNB was calculated for both FNA and CNB. In addition, the patients in this study were divided into two groups as follows: the cN0-FNA group (suspicious LN but negative FNA) and cN0-CNB group (suspicious LN but negative CNB).
Results
A number of patients with negative US/CT findings of LNs were 1406, with 744 undergoing FNA and 272 undergoing CNB for suspicious LNs. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were 65, 99, 99, 80, and 85% in FNA, and 87, 100, 100, 93 and 95% in CNB, respectively. SNB was performed in 172 (cN0-CNB group) of 272 CNB and 487 (cN0-FNA group) of 744 FNA patients. One hundred and seventy-two patients from the cN0-CNB group (Tis 6, T1 97, T2 66, T3 3 patients) treated with SNB were compared to 487 from the cN0-FNA group (Tis 21, T1 225, T2 233, T3 8 patients) in terms of number of LN metastasis. A number of patients with more than 3 positive SNB and positive LNs were 9 (5%) and 0 (0%) in cN0-CNB group, and 78 (16%) and 24 (5%) in cN0-FNA group, respectively. A number of patients who had complications such as haematoma and pain at the time of 7 to 14 days after CNB and FNA were 1 (0.5%) and 1 (0.5%) in cN0-CNB group, and were 0% and 0.2% in cN0-FNA group (p = 0.44), respectively.
Conclusions
The preoperative diagnosis of axillary LNs was influenced by the diagnostic tool used. CNB is a reliable method for the preoperative diagnosis of LN metastasis.
http://ift.tt/2tQ2UdB
A Systematic Review of Patient Oncofertility Support Needs in Reproductive Cancer Patients aged 14 to 45 years of age
Abstract
Objective
Decline in fertility potential brought about by a cancer diagnosis or cancer treatment is one of the biggest impacts to cancer patients' long term quality of life. As such, the current manuscript aimed to systematically review the literature on oncofertility support needs for cancer patients of a reproductive age (14-45 years of age).
Methods
A systematic review of the literature was conducted in May 2016 through the searching of electronic databases Medline, EMBASE, PSYCH Info, Web of Science and SCOPUS, alongside the screening of relevant reference lists. An initial search identified 351 potentially relevant studies. The papers were divided into two categories; papers on patient oncofertility support needs were reviewed for this systematic review and papers on clinician provision of oncofertility support were reviewed for a separate systematic review.
Results
A total of 30 studies were included within the final review. Support needs were categorised as information, service, clinician-patient interactions, psychological and family. A number of studies indicated that cancer patients place great important on their oncofertility care and have unmet support needs. Patients were satisfied and felt supported when additional care was taken to ensure fertility information and service needs were met.
Conclusions
Patients desire for clinicians to support their concerns through the provision of adequate information, access to oncofertility services, taking time to discuss oncofertility treatment and concerns, specialised psychological support and responsiveness to individual needs.
http://ift.tt/2eEhRNO
Physicians’ self-reported practice behaviour regarding fertility-related discussions in paediatric oncology in Sweden
ABSTRACT
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate practice behaviours of Swedish physicians with regard to discussing the impact of cancer treatment on fertility with paediatric oncology patients and their parents, and to identify factors associated with such discussions.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey study was conducted targeting all physicians in Sweden working in paediatric oncology care settings. Participants responded to a questionnaire measuring practice behaviour, attitudes, barriers, and confidence in knowledge. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with seldom discussing fertility.
Results
More than half of the physicians routinely talked with their patients/parents about the treatment's potential impact on fertility (male patients: 62%; female patients: 57%; p = 0.570). Factors associated with less frequently discussing fertility with patients/parents was working at a non-university hospital (male patients: OR 11.49, CI 1.98–66.67; female patients: OR 33.18, CI 4.06–271.07), concerns that the topic would cause worry (male patients: OR 8.23, CI 1.48–45.89; female patients: OR 12.38, CI 1.90–80.70), and perceiving the parents as anxious (male patients: OR 7.18, CI 1.20–42.85; female patients: OR 11.65, CI 1.32–103.17).
Conclusions
Based on our findings, we recommend structured training in how to communicate about fertility issues in stressful situations, which in turn might increase fertility-related discussions in paediatric oncology.
http://ift.tt/2gT35n9
Assessment of performance indicators of a radiotherapy department using an electronic medical record system
Source:Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy, Volume 22, Issue 5
Author(s): Yasir A. Bahadur, Camelia Constantinescu, Ammar Y. Bahadur, Ruba Y. Bahadur
AimTo retrospectively assess the performance indicators of our radiotherapy department and their temporal trends, using a commercially available electronic-medical-record (EMR) system.BackgroundA recent trend in healthcare quality is to define and evaluate performance indicators of the service provided.Materials and methodsPatient and external-beam-radiotherapy-treatments data were retrieved using the Mosaiq EMR system from 1-January-2012 till 31-December-2015.Annual performance indicators were evaluated as: productivity (number of new cases/year and diagnosis distribution); complexity (ratio of Volumetric-Modulated-Arc-Therapy (VMAT) courses, average number of imaging procedures/patient); and quality (average, median and 90th percentile waiting times from admission to first treatment).The temporal trends of all performance indicators were assessed by linear regression.ResultsProductivity: the number of new cases/year increased with an average rate of 4%. Diagnosis distribution showed that breast is the main pathology treated, followed by gastro-intestinal and head-and-neck.Complexity: the ratio of VMAT courses increased from 13% to 35%, with an average rate of 7% per year. The average number of imaging procedures/patient increased from 8 to 11.Quality: the waiting times from admission to treatment remained stable over time (R2≤0.1), with average, median and 90th percentile values around 20, 15, and 31 days, respectively.ConclusionsAn EMR system can be used to: monitor the performance indicators of a radiotherapy department, identify workflow processes needing attention and improvement, estimate future demands of resources.Temporal analysis of our data showed an increasing trend in productivity and complexity paired with constant waiting times.
http://ift.tt/2tpd59A
How to choose the best journal for your case report
Since the establishment of the Journal of Medical Case Reports in 2006, the number of journals that publish case reports has increased rapidly, and most of these journals are open access. Open access publishing u...
http://ift.tt/2uLk5kT
A phase I/II trial and pharmacokinetic study of mithramycin in children and adults with refractory Ewing sarcoma and EWS–FLI1 fusion transcript
Abstract
Purpose
In a preclinical drug screen, mithramycin was identified as a potent inhibitor of the Ewing sarcoma EWS–FLI1 transcription factor. We conducted a phase I/II trial to determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetics (PK) of mithramycin in children with refractory solid tumors, and the activity in children and adults with refractory Ewing sarcoma.
Patients and methods
Mithramycin was administered intravenously over 6 h once daily for 7 days for 28 day cycles. Adult patients (phase II) initially received mithramycin at the previously determined recommended dose of 25 µg/kg/dose. The planned starting dose for children (phase I) was 17.5 µg/kg/dose. Plasma samples were obtained for mithramycin PK analysis.
Results
The first two adult patients experienced reversible grade 4 alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation exceeding the MTD. Subsequent adult patients received mithramycin at 17.5 µg/kg/dose, and children at 13 µg/kg/dose with dexamethasone pretreatment. None of the four subsequent adult and two pediatric patients experienced cycle 1 DLT. No clinical responses were observed. The average maximal mithramycin plasma concentration in four patients was 17.8 ± 4.6 ng/mL. This is substantially below the sustained mithramycin concentrations ≥50 nmol/L required to suppress EWS–FLI1 transcriptional activity in preclinical studies. Due to inability to safely achieve the desired mithramycin exposure, the trial was closed to enrollment.
Conclusions
Hepatotoxicity precluded the administration of a mithramycin at a dose required to inhibit EWS–FLI1. Evaluation of mithramycin in patients selected for decreased susceptibility to elevated transaminases may allow for improved drug exposure.
http://ift.tt/2uSSTkI
Cancers, Vol. 9, Pages 94: Targeting Platelets for the Treatment of Cancer
Cancers, Vol. 9, Pages 94: Targeting Platelets for the Treatment of Cancer
Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers9070094
Authors: Omar Elaskalani Michael Berndt Marco Falasca Pat Metharom
The majority of cancer-associated mortality results from the ability of tumour cells to metastasise leading to multifunctional organ failure and death. Disseminated tumour cells in the blood circulation are faced with major challenges such as rheological shear stresses and cell-mediated cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells. Nevertheless, circulating tumour cells with metastatic ability appear equipped to exploit host cells to aid their survival. Despite the long interest in targeting tumour-associated host cells such as platelets for cancer treatment, the clinical benefit of this strategy is still under question. In this review, we provide a summary of the latest mechanistic and clinical evidence to evaluate the validity of targeting platelets in cancer.
http://ift.tt/2uSJmKC
The efficacy of lapatinib and nilotinib in combination with radiation therapy in a model of NF2 associated peripheral schwannoma
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), a neurogenetic condition manifest by peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) throughout the neuroaxis for which there are no approved therapies. In vitro and in vivo studies presented here examine agents targeting signaling pathways, angiogenesis, and DNA repair mechanisms. In vitro dose response assays demonstrated potent activity of lapatinib and nilotinib against the mouse schwannoma SC4 (Nf2 −/−) cell line. We then examined the efficacy of everolimus, nilotinib, lapatinib, bevacizumab and radiation (RT) as mono- and combination therapies in flank and sciatic nerve in vivo NF2-PNST models. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models, two sample T-tests and paired T-tests, and linear regression models. SC4(Nf2 −/−) cells implanted in the flank or sciatic nerve showed similar rates of growth (p = 0.9748). Lapatinib, nilotinib and RT significantly reduced tumor growth rate versus controls in the in vivo flank model (p = 0.0025, 0.0062, and 0.009, respectively) whereas bevacizumab and everolimus did not. The best performers were tested in the in vivo sciatic nerve model of NF2 associated PNST, where chemoradiation outperformed nilotinib or lapatinib as single agents (nilotinib vs. nilotinib + RT, p = 0.0001; lapatinib versus lapatinib + RT, p < 0.0001) with no observed toxicity. There was no re-growth of tumors even 14 days after treatment was stopped. The combination of either lapatinib or nilotinib with RT resulted in greater delays in tumor growth rate than any modality alone. This data suggest that concurrent low dose RT and targeted therapy may have a role in addressing progressive PNST in patients with NF2.
http://ift.tt/2vuK3Hd
Surgical Management of Periocular Cancers: High- and Low-Risk Features Drive Treatment
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Recent advances in the treatment of eyelid tumors have centered on the excision, evaluation of margins, role of sentinel lymph node biopsy, and adjunctive/adjuvant systemic and radiation therapy. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on these advances.
Recent Findings
Mohs excision of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma continues to provide the greatest success in complete excision of the cancer, especially in those cases of high-risk disease including medial canthal location and recurrent disease. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has proven useful in the assessment of early regional metastasis in sebaceous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. The pathologic finding of perineural invasion is a high-risk feature in all periocular cancers, and adjuvant therapy should be considered. Targeted therapy shows great potential in situations that are not amenable to complete excision without sacrificing the globe.
Summary
Identification of high- and low-risk features in eyelid cancers allows a stratified approach to treatment. While high-risk features may require adjuvant therapy, larger margins, and sentinel lymph node biopsy, low-risk features may allow topical therapy to adequately address the condition. Monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors show great promise in the treatment of extensive disease.
http://ift.tt/2ulJ6Aw
New Hypofractionation Radiation Strategies for Glioblastoma
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of less than 2 years despite the standard of care treatment of 6 weeks of chemoradiotherapy. We review the data investigating hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) in the treatment of newly diagnosed GBM.
Recent Findings
Investigators have explored alternative radiotherapy strategies that shorten treatment duration with the goal of similar or improved survival while minimizing toxicity. HFRT over 1–3 weeks is already a standard of care for patients with advanced age or poor performance status. For young patients with good performance status, HFRT holds the promise of radiobiologically escalating the dose and potentially improving local control while maintaining quality of life.
Summary
Through the use of shorter radiotherapy fractionation regimens coupled with novel systemic agents, improved outcomes for patients with GBM may be achieved.
http://ift.tt/2uL6SrW
Pathology of Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Female Genital Tract
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumours are uncommon or rare at all sites in the female genital tract. The 2014 World Health Organisation (WHO) Classification of neuroendocrine tumours of the endometrium, cervix, vagina and vulva has been updated with adoption of the terms low-grade neuroendocrine tumour and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. In the endometrium and cervix, high-grade neoplasms are much more prevalent than low-grade and are more common in the cervix than the corpus. In the ovary, low-grade tumours are more common than high-grade carcinomas and the term carcinoid tumour is still used in WHO 2014. The term ovarian small-cell carcinoma of pulmonary type is included in WHO 2014 for a tumour which in other organs is termed high small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Neuroendocrine tumours at various sites within the female genital tract often occur in association with other neoplasms and more uncommonly in pure form.
http://ift.tt/2toXyXv
Descriptive epidemiology of primary malignant and non-malignant central nervous tumors in Spain: Results from the Girona Cancer Registry (1994–2013)
Source:Cancer Epidemiology, Volume 50, Part A
Author(s): Rafael Fuentes-Raspall, Marta Solans, Aina Roca-Barceló, Loreto Vilardell, Montse Puigdemont, Sonia del Barco, Raquel Comas, Adelaida García-Velasco, Aurora Astudillo, Mª Carme Carmona-Garcia, Rafael Marcos-Gragera
BackgroundSystematic registration of non-malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors is a rare practice among European cancer registries. Thus, the real burden of all CNS tumors across Europe is underestimated. The Girona Cancer Registry provides here the first data on CNS tumor incidence and survival trends in Spain for all histological types, including malignant and non-malignant tumors.MethodsData on all incident cases of primary CNS tumors notified to the Girona population-based cancer registry from 1994 to 2013 (n=2,131) were reviewed. Incidences rates (IRs) were standardized to the 2013 European population and annual percentage changes (EAPC) were estimated using a piecewise log linear model. 1- and 5-year observed (OS) and relative survival (RS) were also calculated. Results were expressed by sex, age-group, histological subtype and behavior.ResultsThe overall IR was 16.85 and increased across the period of study (EAPC=+2.2%). The proportion and IRs of malignant (50.2%; IR=9.35) and non-malignant cases (49.8%; IR=9.14) were similar; however, non-malignant tumors were more frequent in women (sex ratio=0.63). The most frequently reported histologies were meningioma (27.6%; IR=5.11) and glioblastoma (22.2%; IR=4.15), which also accounted for the highest and lowest 5-year RS (80.2%; 3.7%, respectively). Globally, 5-year RS was lower in men (42.6% vs. 58.3%, respectively) and in the elderly (64.9% for 0–14years vs. 23.0% for >74years).ConclusionThis study presents a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of malignant and non-malignant CNS primary tumors from the well-established region-wide Girona Cancer Registry (1994–2013). Incidence rates were recovered for all histologies. Survival is still dramatically associated to both age and histological subtype.
http://ift.tt/2ulntkc
Cervical cancer in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia: Regional inequalities and changing trends
Abstract
The vast majority (86% or 453,000 cases) of the global burden of cervical cancer occurs in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia, where one in nine new cancer cases are of the cervix. Although the disease has become rare in high-resource settings (e.g. in North America, parts of Europe, Japan) that have historically invested in effective screening programmes, the patterns and trends are variable elsewhere. While favourable incidence trends have been recorded in many populations in Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean in the past decades, rising rates have been observed in sub-Saharan African countries, where high quality incidence series are available. The challenge for countries heavily affected by the disease in these regions is to ensure resource-dependent programmes of screening and vaccination are implemented to transform the situation, so that accelerated declines in cervical cancer are not the preserve of high-income countries, but become the norm in all populations worldwide. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2toIbyc
Different miR-21-3p isoforms and their different features in colorectal cancer
Abstract
MiR-21, the only miRNA found to be overexpressed in any type of solid tumor, its guide stand, miR-21-5p, has been studied a lot in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, few researchers focused on its passenger strand, miR-21-3p. In this study, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we found that there were more variety and quantity of miR-21-3p isoforms in microsatellite instability (MSI)-type CRC. We further examined the role of miR-21-3p by in vitro and in vivo studies. MiR-21-3p may be an oncogene in CRC by promoting cellular mobility through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, different isoforms, especially miR-21-3p 0|2, may be a favorable prognostic marker for CRC survival probably due to increased complementary effect of miR-21-5p and/or target genes. Further study investigating the underlying mechanism of miRNA isoforms is needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2uKRzQ6
A Silent Killer: Insights Into Venous Thromboembolism Formation and Prevention
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2gRDBGZ
Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism: A Review
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant problem in the perioperative period, increasing patient morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. It is also considered the most preventable of the major postoperative complications. Despite widespread adoption of prophylaxis guidelines, it appears that morbidity from the disease has not substantially changed within the past 2 decades. It is becoming clear that current prophylaxis efforts are not sufficient. Using more potent anticoagulants may decrease the incidence of VTE, but increase the risk for bleeding and infection. Much has been learned about the pathophysiology of venous thrombogenesis in recent years. Beyond the "traditional coagulation cascade," which anticoagulants modulate, there is a growing appreciation for the roles of tissue factor, monocytes, neutrophils, neutrophil extracellular traps, microvesicles, and platelets in thrombus initiation and propagation. These recent studies explain to some degree why aspirin appears to be remarkably effective in preventing thrombus propagation. Endothelial dysfunction, traditionally thought of as a risk factor for arterial thrombosis, plays an important role within the cusps of venous valves, a unique environment where the majority of venous thrombi originate. This suggests a role for newer treatment modalities such as statins. Not all patients have an equal likelihood of experiencing a VTE, even when undergoing high-risk procedures, and better tools are required to accurately predict VTE risk. Only then will we be able to effectively individualize prophylaxis by balancing the risks for VTE against the risks associated with treatment. Given the different cell types and pathways involved in thrombogenesis, it is likely that multimodal treatment regimens will be more effective, enabling the use of lower and safer doses of hemostatic modulating therapies such as anticoagulants, antithrombotics, and antiplatelet medications.http://ift.tt/2gRyMgN
Ischemic Leg, Perfused Lung: A Trial of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2gRDACV
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Decreases Oxidative Lung Damage After Pulmonary Lobectomy: A Single-Center Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND: During lobectomy in patients with lung cancer, the operated lung is often collapsed and hypoperfused. Ischemia/reperfusion injury may then occur when the lung is re-expanded. We hypothesized that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) would decrease oxidative lung damage and improve gas exchange in the postoperative period. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, randomized, double-blind trial in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer undergoing elective lung lobectomy. Fifty-three patients were randomized to receive limb RIPC immediately after anesthesia induction (3 cycles: 5 minutes ischemia/5 minutes reperfusion induced by an ischemia cuff applied on the thigh) and/or control therapy without RIPC. Oxidative stress markers were measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and arterial blood immediately after anesthesia induction and before RIPC and surgery (T0, baseline); during operated lung collapse, immediately before resuming two-lung ventilation (TLV) (T1); immediately after resuming TLV (T2); and 120 minutes after resuming TLV (T3). The primary outcome was 8-isoprostane levels in EBC at T1, T2, and T3. Secondary outcomes included the following: NO2−+NO3−, H2O2 levels, and pH in EBC and in blood (8-isoprostane, NO2−+NO3−) and pulmonary gas exchange variables (PaO2/FiO2, A-aDO2, a/A ratio, and respiratory index). RESULTS: Patients subjected to RIPC had lower EBC 8-isoprostane levels when compared with controls at T1, T2, and T3 (differences between means and 95% confidence intervals): −15.3 (5.8–24.8), P = .002; −20.0 (5.5–34.5), P = .008; and −10.4 (2.5–18.3), P = .011, respectively. In the RIPC group, EBC NO2−+NO3− and H2O2 levels were also lower than in controls at T2 and T1–T3, respectively (all Phttp://ift.tt/2gRDifj
An Update on the Use of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Lymphoma
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Throughout the field of oncology, immunotherapy is moving further towards the first-line setting, and there is encouraging data for the use of these novel therapies in the management of lymphomas, utilizing treatments approved for both solid and hematologic malignancies. Herein, we review promising advances in this rapidly moving field from the past year.
Recent Findings
In the last year, we have seen promising clinical data on engineered antibody therapies for the treatment of lymphomas, as well as further optimization of engineered antibody fragments fused onto linkers or chimeric T cell receptors, both of the modalities capable of transforming non-specific T cells into tumor-specific, serial killer cells.
Summary
Here we will review the promising data on these advances in antibody-based therapies, as well as some of the immunomodulators and checkpoint-blocking therapies that shown to have promising results in the treatment of lymphomas within the past year.
http://ift.tt/2uL3ddX
Evidence of the Potential Effectiveness of Centre-Based Childcare Policies and Practices on Child Diet and Physical Activity: Consolidating Evidence from Systematic Reviews of Intervention Trials and Observational Studies
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aims of this study are to synthesize the findings of systematic reviews to (1) determine whether centre-based childcare interventions are effective in improving child physical activity and diet and (2) identify promising modifiable centre policies and practices to improve child physical activity and diet. Four electronic databases were searched. The methodological quality of included reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR tool. For intervention effectiveness, reviews were categorized as 'generally effective' if more than two-thirds of primary studies demonstrated positive effects.
Recent Findings
Database searches yielded 1164 unique citations of which 22 reviews were included. Three of 16 physical activity reviews, including one of the two higher quality reviews, and the largest and most recent review to date, reported that the interventions were generally effective in improving physical activity. One of nine nutrition reviews reported that interventions were generally effective at improving dietary intake. This review was of moderate quality and was the largest and most recent review of dietary outcomes in children in this setting. The most consistently reported policies and practices associated with improved child physical activity included those targeting the physical environment (playground markings, equipment, space), educator qualifications and training, and structured physical activities. Policies and practices associated with improved child diet included food availability and menu modification, positive peer modelling, and including parents.
Summary
There is increasing evidence from high-quality, recent systematic reviews that childcare-based interventions can be effective at improving child physical activity. Systematic review evidence regarding the effects of intervention on child diet is more equivocal.
http://ift.tt/2vKoAZZ
Ischemic Leg, Perfused Lung: A Trial of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2gRDACV
Electric Nerve Stimulation Does Not Correctly Predict Needle-Nerve Distance and Potential Local Anesthetic Spread for Interscalene Brachial Plexus Blockade
This study evaluated electric nerve stimulation as a nerve location tool. After eliciting motor response in 43 patients undergoing shoulder surgery, the needle tip's position, distance from the closest nerve, and spread of saline were evaluated using ultrasound imaging. The needle's tip resided 1 to 4 mm from the closest nerve in 21, in direct contact with it in 7, and 6 to 18 mm away in 15 patients. In 21 patients, subsequent saline dissection did not reach the brachial plexus. Thus, the success rate of electric nerve stimulation for correct needle-nerve distance identification was 48.8%, with correct fluid spread reached in only 51.2% of patients.http://ift.tt/2uL0a5c
Role of Sigma-1 Receptor/p38 MAPK Inhibition in Acupoint Catgut Embedding–Mediated Analgesic Effects in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Inflammatory Pain
BACKGROUND: The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1 R) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in the mechanism of pain. Acupoint stimulation exerts an exact antihyperalgesic effect in inflammatory pain. However, whether Sig-1 R and MAPKs are associated with the acupoint stimulation-induced analgesic effects is not clear. This study investigated the analgesic effect of acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) and the inhibition of Sig-1 R and MAPKs in ACE analgesia. METHODS: Rats were prepared with intrathecal catheter implantation. ACE was applied to bilateral "Kunlun" (BL60), "Zusanli" (ST36), and "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) acupoints in the rat model of inflammatory pain (complete Freund's adjuvant [CFA] intraplantar injection). Then, Sig-1R agonist PRE084 or saline was intrathecally given daily. The paw withdrawal thresholds and paw edema were measured before CFA injection and at 1, 3, and 5 day after CFA injection. Western bolt was used to evaluate the protein expression of spinal Sig-1R, p38MAPK, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and immunohistochemistry of Sig-1R was detected at 1, 3, and 5 days after CFA injection. RESULTS: ACE exhibited specific analgesic effects. ACE increased paw withdrawal thresholds and markedly decreased CFA-induced paw edema at 1, 3, and 5 days. ACE downregulated the protein expression of Sig-1R, which was increased significantly at 1, 3, and 5 days after CFA injection. ACE decreased the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK at 1 and 3 days but not at 5 days. However, an injection of Sig-1R agonist PRE084 markedly reversed these alterations, except ERK expression. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that ACE exhibited antihyperalgesic effects via the inhibition of the Sig-1R that modulated p38 MAPK, but not ERK, expression in the CFA-induced inflammatory pain model in rats.http://ift.tt/2toLK7E
An Institution-Wide Rule-Based Protocol for Early Detection of Esophageal Intubation
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2tp558L
The Consensus Bundle on Hypertension in Pregnancy and the Anesthesiologist: Doing All the Right Things for All the Patients All of the Time
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2eCXeln
A Silent Killer: Insights Into Venous Thromboembolism Formation and Prevention
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2gRDBGZ
Aerosolized Vasodilators for the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension in Cardiac Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: In cardiac surgery, pulmonary hypertension is an important prognostic factor for which several treatments have been suggested over time. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we compared the efficacy of inhaled aerosolized vasodilators to intravenously administered agents and to placebo in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension during cardiac surgery. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov databases from inception to October 2015. The incidence of mortality was assessed as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included length of stay in hospital and in the intensive care unit, and evaluation of the hemodynamic profile. METHODS: Of the 2897 citations identified, 10 studies were included comprising a total of 434 patients. RESULTS: Inhaled aerosolized agents were associated with a significant decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance (−41.36 dyne·s/cm5, P= .03) and a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (8.24 mm Hg, P= .02) and right ventricular ejection fraction (7.29%, Phttp://ift.tt/2gRDwDb
Interventions for Neuropathic Pain: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Numerous interventions for neuropathic pain (NeuP) are available, but its treatment remains unsatisfactory. We systematically summarized evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials on interventions for NeuP. Five electronic databases were searched up to March 2015. Study quality was analyzed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews. The most common interventions in 97 included SRs were pharmacologic (59%) and surgical (15%). The majority of analyzed SRs were of medium quality. More than 50% of conclusions from abstracts on efficacy and approximately 80% on safety were inconclusive. Effective interventions were described for painful diabetic neuropathy (pregabalin, gabapentin, certain tricyclic antidepressants [TCAs], opioids, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants), postherpetic neuralgia (gabapentin, pregabalin, certain TCAs, antidepressants and anticonvulsants, opioids, sodium valproate, topical capsaicin, and lidocaine), lumbar radicular pain (epidural corticosteroids, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation [rTMS], and discectomy), cervical radicular pain (rTMS), carpal tunnel syndrome (carpal tunnel release), cubital tunnel syndrome (simple decompression and ulnar nerve transposition), trigeminal neuralgia (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and pimozide for refractory cases, rTMS), HIV-related neuropathy (topical capsaicin), and central NeuP (certain TCAs, pregabalin, cannabinoids, and rTMS). Evidence about interventions for NeuP is frequently inconclusive or completely lacking. New randomized controlled trials about interventions for NeuP are necessary; they should address safety and use clear diagnostic criteria.http://ift.tt/2uKA2HW
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