Against a Singular Message of Distinctness: Challenging Dominant Representations of Adolescents and Young Adults in Oncology

Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Dietary total antioxidant capacity and pancreatic cancer risk: an Italian case–control study

Dietary total antioxidant capacity and pancreatic cancer risk: an Italian case–control study

British Journal of Cancer 115, 102 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.114

Authors: Aimee L Lucas, Cristina Bosetti, Paolo Boffetta, Eva Negri, Alessandra Tavani, Mauro Serafini, Jerry Polesel, Diego Serraino, Carlo La Vecchia & Marta Rossi

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Targeting cell death signalling in cancer: minimising ‘Collateral damage’

Targeting cell death signalling in cancer: minimising 'Collateral damage'

British Journal of Cancer 115, 5 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.111

Authors: Joanna L Fox & Marion MacFarlane

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A population-based analysis of secondary malignancies in breast cancer patients receiving breast reconstruction

A population-based analysis of secondary malignancies in breast cancer patients receiving breast reconstruction

British Journal of Cancer 115, 80 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.108

Authors: Rene Warschkow, Thomas Cerny, Bruno M Schmied, Ulrich Güller, Beat Thuerlimann & Markus Joerger

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Association of tumour microRNA profiling with outcomes in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy

Association of tumour microRNA profiling with outcomes in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy

British Journal of Cancer 115, 12 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.146

Authors: Joaquim Bellmunt, Chensheng Willa Zhou, Stephanie A Mullane, Lillian Werner, Mary-Ellen Taplin, André P Fay, Toni K Choueiri, Anna Orsola, David Y Takeda, William C Hahn, Jaegil Kim, Guru Sonpavde & Michaela Bowden

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Statin use and all-cancer survival: prospective results from the Women’s Health Initiative

Statin use and all-cancer survival: prospective results from the Women's Health Initiative

British Journal of Cancer 115, 129 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.149

Authors: Ange Wang, Aaron K Aragaki, Jean Y Tang, Allison W Kurian, JoAnn E Manson, Rowan T Chlebowski, Michael Simon, Pinkal Desai, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Simin Liu, Stephen Kritchevsky, Heather A Wakelee & Marcia L Stefanick

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Sorafenib in metastatic uveal melanoma: efficacy, toxicity and health-related quality of life in a multicentre phase II study

Sorafenib in metastatic uveal melanoma: efficacy, toxicity and health-related quality of life in a multicentre phase II study

British Journal of Cancer 115, 20 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.119

Authors: F Mouriaux, V Servois, J J Parienti, T Lesimple, A Thyss, C Dutriaux, E M Neidhart-Berard, N Penel, C Delcambre, L Peyro Saint Paul, A D Pham, N Heutte, S Piperno-Neumann & F Joly

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Contemporary accuracy of death certificates for coding prostate cancer as a cause of death: Is reliance on death certification good enough? A comparison with blinded review by an independent cause of death evaluation committee

Contemporary accuracy of death certificates for coding prostate cancer as a cause of death: Is reliance on death certification good enough? A comparison with blinded review by an independent cause of death evaluation committee

British Journal of Cancer 115, 90 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.162

Authors: Emma L Turner, Chris Metcalfe, Jenny L Donovan, Sian Noble, Jonathan A C Sterne, J Athene Lane, Eleanor I Walsh, Elizabeth M Hill, Liz Down, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Steven E Oliver, Simon Evans, Peter Brindle, Naomi J Williams, Laura J Hughes, Charlotte F Davies, Siaw Yein Ng, David E Neal, Freddie C Hamdy, Peter Albertsen, Colette M Reid, Jon Oxley, John McFarlane, Mary C Robinson, Jan Adolfsson, Anthony Zietman, Michael Baum, Anthony Koupparis & Richard M Martin

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Effects of microsatellite instability on recurrence patterns and outcomes in colorectal cancers

Effects of microsatellite instability on recurrence patterns and outcomes in colorectal cancers

British Journal of Cancer 115, 25 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.161

Authors: Chang Gon Kim, Joong Bae Ahn, Minkyu Jung, Seung Hoon Beom, Chan Kim, Joo Hoon Kim, Su Jin Heo, Hyung Soon Park, Jee Hung Kim, Nam Kyu Kim, Byung Soh Min, Hoguen Kim, Woong Sub Koom & Sang Joon Shin

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Risk of venous thromboembolism in people with lung cancer: a cohort study using linked UK healthcare data

Risk of venous thromboembolism in people with lung cancer: a cohort study using linked UK healthcare data

British Journal of Cancer 115, 115 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.143

Authors: Alex J Walker, David R Baldwin, Tim R Card, Helen A Powell, Richard B Hubbard & Matthew J Grainge

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The impact of hepatic fibrosis on the incidence of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer

The impact of hepatic fibrosis on the incidence of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer

British Journal of Cancer 115, 34 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.155

Authors: Takayuki Kondo, Koji Okabayashi, Hirotoshi Hasegawa, Masashi Tsuruta, Kohei Shigeta & Yuko Kitagawa

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Developing miRNA signatures: a multivariate prospective

Developing miRNA signatures: a multivariate prospective

British Journal of Cancer 115, 1 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.164

Authors: Paolo Verderio, Stefano Bottelli, Sara Pizzamiglio & Chiara Maura Ciniselli

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FAT1: a potential target for monoclonal antibody therapy in colon cancer

FAT1: a potential target for monoclonal antibody therapy in colon cancer

British Journal of Cancer 115, 40 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.145

Authors: Piero Pileri, Susanna Campagnoli, Alberto Grandi, Matteo Parri, Elisa De Camilli, Chaojun Song, Luisa Ganfini, Aurelien Lacombe, Ilaria Naldi, Paolo Sarmientos, Caterina Cinti, Boquan Jin, Guido Grandi, Giuseppe Viale, Luigi Terracciano & Renata Grifantini

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Associations of antibiotic use with risk of primary liver cancer in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink

Associations of antibiotic use with risk of primary liver cancer in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink

British Journal of Cancer 115, 85 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.148

Authors: Baiyu Yang, Katrina Wilcox Hagberg, Jie Chen, Vikrant V Sahasrabuddhe, Barry I Graubard, Susan Jick & Katherine A McGlynn

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LEM domain containing 1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion and endothelial transmigration

LEM domain containing 1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion and endothelial transmigration

British Journal of Cancer 115, 52 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.167

Authors: Tomonori Sasahira, Miyako Kurihara, Chie Nakashima, Tadaaki Kirita & Hiroki Kuniyasu

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Recreational physical inactivity and mortality in women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer: evidence from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium

Recreational physical inactivity and mortality in women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer: evidence from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium

British Journal of Cancer 115, 95 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.153

Authors: Rikki A Cannioto, Michael J LaMonte, Linda E Kelemen, Harvey A Risch, Kevin H Eng, Albina N Minlikeeva, Chi-Chen Hong, J Brian Szender, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Janine M Joseph, Andrew Berchuck, Jenny Chang-Claude, Daniel W Cramer, Anna DeFazio, Brenda Diergaarde, Thilo Dörk, Jennifer A Doherty, Robert P Edwards, Brooke L Fridley, Grace Friel, Ellen L Goode, Marc T Goodman, Peter Hillemanns, Estrid Hogdall, Satoyo Hosono, Joseph L Kelley, Susanne K Kjaer, Rüdiger Klapdor, Keitaro Matsuo, Kunle Odunsi, Christina M Nagle, Catherine M Olsen, Lisa E Paddock, Celeste L Pearce, Malcolm C Pike, Mary A Rossing, Barbara Schmalfeldt, Brahm H Segal, Elizabeth A Szamreta, Pamela J Thompson, Chiu-Chen Tseng, Robert Vierkant, Joellen M Schildkraut, Nicolas Wentzensen, Kristine G Wicklund, Stacey J Winham, Anna H Wu, Francesmary Modugno, Roberta B Ness, Allan Jensen, Penelope M Webb, Kathryn Terry, Elisa V Bandera & Kirsten B Moysich

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Prognostic value of circulating tumour DNA in patients undergoing curative resection for pancreatic cancer

Prognostic value of circulating tumour DNA in patients undergoing curative resection for pancreatic cancer

British Journal of Cancer 115, 59 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.175

Authors: Naoto Hadano, Yoshiaki Murakami, Kenichiro Uemura, Yasusi Hashimoto, Naru Kondo, Naoya Nakagawa, Taijiro Sueda & Eiso Hiyama

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Association between prediagnostic glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and meningioma, and reverse causality

Association between prediagnostic glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and meningioma, and reverse causality

British Journal of Cancer 115, 108 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.157

Authors: Brittany M Bernardo, Robert C Orellana, Yiska Lowenberg Weisband, Niklas Hammar, Goran Walldius, Hakan Malmstrom, Anders Ahlbom, Maria Feychting & Judith Schwartzbaum

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Overexpression of glypican-1 implicates poor prognosis and their chemoresistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Overexpression of glypican-1 implicates poor prognosis and their chemoresistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

British Journal of Cancer 115, 66 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.183

Authors: Hisashi Hara, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Satoshi Serada, Minoru Fujimoto, Tomoharu Ohkawara, Rie Nakatsuka, Emi Harada, Takahiko Nishigaki, Yusuke Takahashi, Satoshi Nojima, Yasuhiro Miyazaki, Tomoki Makino, Yukinori Kurokawa, Makoto Yamasaki, Hiroshi Miyata, Kiyokazu Nakajima, Shuji Takiguchi, Eiichi Morii, Masaki Mori, Yuichiro Doki & Tetsuji Naka

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Childhood leukaemia and distance from power lines in California: a population-based case-control study

Childhood leukaemia and distance from power lines in California: a population-based case-control study

British Journal of Cancer 115, 122 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.142

Authors: Catherine M Crespi, Ximena P Vergara, Chris Hooper, Sona Oksuzyan, Sheng Wu, Myles Cockburn & Leeka Kheifets

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Pre-existing diabetes and lung cancer prognosis

Pre-existing diabetes and lung cancer prognosis

British Journal of Cancer 115, 76 (28 June 2016). doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.141

Authors: Juhua Luo, Michael Hendryx, Lihong Qi, Gloria YF Ho & Karen L Margolis

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E-Mail Communication Practices and Preferences Among Patients and Providers in a Large Comprehensive Cancer Center [Care Delivery]

Purpose:

Little is known about how electronic mail (e-mail) is currently used in oncology practice to facilitate patient care. The objective of our study was to understand the current e-mail practices and preferences of patients and physicians in a large comprehensive cancer center.

Methods:

Separate cross-sectional surveys were administered to patients and physicians (staff physicians and clinical fellows) at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with current e-mail use. Record review was performed to assess the impact of e-mail communication on care.

Results:

The survey was completed by 833 patients. E-mail contact with a member of the health care team was reported by 41% of respondents. The team members contacted included administrative assistants (52%), nurses (45%), specialist physicians (36%), and family physicians (18%). Patient factors associated with a higher likelihood of e-mail contact with the health care team included younger age, higher education, higher income, enrollment in a clinical trial, and receipt of multiple treatments. Eighty percent of physicians (n = 63 of 79) reported previous contact with a patient via e-mail. Physician factors associated with a greater likelihood of e-mail contact with patients included older age, more senior clinical position, and higher patient volume. Nine hundred sixty-two patient records were reviewed, with e-mail correspondence documented in only 9% of cases.

Conclusion:

E-mail is commonly used for patient care but is poorly documented. The use of e-mail in this setting can be developed with appropriate guidance; however, there may be concerns about widening the gap between certain groups of patients.

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Survival and Toxicity After Cisplatin Plus Etoposide Versus Carboplatin Plus Etoposide for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Elderly Patients [Care Delivery]

Purpose:

Elderly patients with cancer are under-represented in clinical trials and risk greater toxicity from chemotherapy. These patients and their physicians need better evidence to decide among guideline-recommended regimens. We test whether patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES SCLC) have noninferior survival and less hospital-based health care after carboplatin/etoposide compared with cisplatin/etoposide.

Methods:

We analyzed SEER-Medicare data for beneficiaries with ES SCLC diagnosed at age 67 years and older between 1995 and 2009. Among patients treated with first-line chemotherapy in the ambulatory setting, 831 received cisplatin/etoposide and 2,846 received carboplatin/etoposide. Propensity score matching (2:1 ratio) yielded 778 cisplatin/etoposide and 1,502 carboplatin/etoposide patients.

Results:

Survival was nearly identical in the two groups: 35.7 weeks for cisplatin/etoposide and 35.9 weeks for carboplatin/etoposide. The hazard ratio of 1 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.09) excluded our prespecified threshold, indicating noninferiority. Mortality at 6 months was indistinguishable: 35% for cisplatin/etoposide and 34% for carboplatin/etoposide. After carboplatin/etoposide, patients were less likely to be admitted to a hospital (80% v 86%, P < .001) and had fewer hospitalizations (median 1 v 2, odds ratio 0.76, 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.9), ED visits (median 1 v 2, odds ratio 0.82, 95% CI, 0.7 to 0.96), and ICU stays (median 0 v 0, odds ratio 0.82, 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.99).

Conclusion:

First-line carboplatin/etoposide is associated with similar survival and less subsequent hospital-based health care use than cisplatin/etoposide among elderly patients with ES SCLC treated in ambulatory settings.

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Estimating the prevalence of hematological malignancies and precursor conditions using data from Haematological Malignancy Research Network (HMRN)

Abstract

Objective

Well-established cancer registries that routinely link to death registrations can estimate prevalence directly by counting patients alive at a particular point in time (observed prevalence). Such direct methods can only provide prevalence for the years over which the registry has been operational. Time-defined estimates, including 5- and 10-year prevalence, may however underestimate the total cancer burden, and compared with other cancers, there is a lack of accurate information on the total prevalence of hematological malignancy subtypes. Accordingly, we aimed to estimate prevalence (observed and total prevalence) of hematological malignancies and precursor conditions by clinically meaningful subtypes using data from the UK's specialist population-based register, the Haematological Malignancy Research Network (www.hmrn.org).

Methods

Observed and total prevalences were estimated from 15,810 new diagnoses of hematological malignancies from 2004 to 2011 and followed up to the 31 August 2011 (index data). Observed prevalence was calculated by the counting method, and a method based on modelling incidence and survival was used to estimate total prevalence. Estimates were made according to current disease classification for the HMRN region and for the UK.

Results

The overall observed and total prevalence rates were 281.9 and 548.8 per 100,000, respectively; the total number of observed and total prevalent cases in the UK was estimated as 165,841 and 327,818 cases, as expected variation existed by disease subtype reflecting the heterogeneity in underlying disease incidence, survival and age distribution of hematological cancers.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the importance of estimating 'total' prevalence rather than 'observed' prevalence by current disease classification (ICD-O-3), particularly for subtypes that have a more indolent nature and for those that are curable. Importantly, these analyses demonstrate that relying on observed prevalence alone would result in a significant underestimation of the relative burden of some subtypes. While many of these cases may be considered cured and no longer being actively treated, people in this survivorship phase may have long-term medical needs and accordingly, it is important to provide accurate counts to allow for healthcare planning.

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Live kidney donation: are concerns about long-term safety justified?—A methodological review

Abstract

Live kidney donors are exhaustively screened pre-donation, creating a cohort inherently healthier at baseline than the general population. In recent years, three renowned research groups reported unfavourable outcomes for live kidney donors post-donation that contradicted their previous studies. Here, we compared the study design and analysis of the most recent and previous studies to determine whether the different outcomes were due to methodological design or reflect a real potential disadvantage for living kidney donors. All six studies on long-term risk after live kidney donation were thoroughly screened for the selection of study population, controls, data quality, and statistical analysis. Our detailed review of the methodology revealed key differences with respect to selection of donors and compared non-donors, data quality, follow-up duration, and statistical analysis. In all studies, the comparison group of non-donors was healthier than the donors due to more extensive exclusion criteria for non-donors. Five of the studies used both restriction and matching to address potential confounding. Different matching strategies and statistical analyses were used in the more recent studies compared to previous studies and follow-up was longer. Recently published papers still face bias. Strong points compared to initial analyses are the extended follow-up time, large sample sizes and better analysis, hence increasing the reliability to estimate potential risks for living kidney donors on the long-term. Future studies should focus on equal selection criteria for donors and non-donors, and in the analysis, follow-up duration, matched sets, and low absolute risks among donors should be accounted for when choosing the statistical technique.

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Reply to: Could cross-immunological reactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi antigens be considered a rational strategy for designing vaccines against cancer?

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The use and interpretation of anthropometric measures in cancer epidemiology: A perspective from the World Cancer Research Fund International Continuous Update Project

ABSTRACT

Anthropometric measures relating to body size, weight and composition are increasingly being associated with cancer risk and progression. Whilst practical in epidemiologic research, where population-level associations with disease are revealed, it is important to be aware that such measures are imperfect markers of the internal physiological processes that are the actual correlates of cancer development. Body mass index (BMI), the most commonly used marker for adiposity, may mask differences between lean and adipose tissue, or fat distribution, which varies across individuals, ethnicities, and stage in the lifespan. Other measures, such as weight gain in adulthood, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, contribute information on adipose tissue distribution and insulin sensitivity. Single anthropometric measures do not capture maturational events, including the presence of critical windows of susceptibility (i.e. age of menarche and menopause), which presents a challenge in epidemiologic work. Integration of experimental research on underlying dynamic genetic, hormonal and other non-nutritional mechanisms is necessary for a confident conclusion of the overall evidence in cancer development and progression. This article discusses the challenges confronted in evaluating and interpreting the current evidence linking anthropometric factors and cancer risk as a basis for issuing recommendations for cancer prevention. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Could cross-immunological reactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi antigens be considered a rational strategy for designing vaccines against cancer?

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Comprehensive investigation of aberrant microRNA profiling in bladder cancer tissues

Abstract

There has been accumulative evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of bladder cancer. However, individual studies and small sample size caused discrepant outcomes. Thus, the current study focused on a comprehensive profiling of all differentially expressed miRNAs in a total of 519 bladder cancer tissue samples, based on miRNA microarray data. Altogether, 11 prioritized miRNAs stated by 21 published microarray datasets, including five down-regulated (miR-133a-3p, miR-1-3p, miR-99a-5p, miR-490-5p, and miR-133b) and six up-regulated candidate miRNAs (miR-182-5p, miR-935, miR-518e-3p, miR-573, miR-100-3p, and miR-3171) were analyzed with vote-counting strategy and a Robust Rank Aggregation method. Subsequently, miRNA in silico target prediction and potential pathway enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the prospective molecular mechanism of miRNAs in the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. We found that most of the relative pathways of the aberrantly expressed miRNAs found in the current study were closely correlated with different biological processes, cellular components, molecular functions, cancer pathogeneses, and some cell signalings, such as Wnt signaling, insulin/IGF, PI3 kinase, and FGF signaling pathways. Hence, a comprehensive overview on the miRNA expression pattern in bladder cancer tissues was gained by the current study. These miRNAs might be involved in the tumorigenesis and deterioration of bladder cancer.

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Histopathological evaluation and molecular detection of natural Iridovirus infection in cultured grouper fish in Malaysia

Abstract

Iridovirus is the causative agent of grouper iridovirus infection (GIV), which causes severe epizootics resulting in large-scale mortalities and huge economic losses in cultured and marine fishes worldwide. The current study evaluated the gross and histopathological lesions, and molecular detection of GIV in naturally infected grouper farms in Malaysia. A total of 150 moribund fish showing different clinical signs, presented to the Aquatic unit were used for this study. The fish were necropsied and visceral organs (spleen, kidney, heart, liver, intestine, brain, eyes, gills, and some parts of skin with ulcer) were collected and fixed in 10 % buffered formalin for histopathological processing and evaluation. Molecular detection of the virus was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Grossly, the groupers had ulceration on the operculum and close to the caudal fin with hemorrhages on the margin of the caudal fin. In some fish, there was necrosis of the caudal fin, sloughing of the epidermis, dermal ulceration and popeyes Histological sections showed large basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions and vacuolations in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Basophilic or eosinophilic enlarged cells with the presence of mononuclear cellular infiltrations were seen in the kidney, liver, eye and gills, which is the distinctive feature of this disease. PCR detection showed positive amplification from 27 groupers. Based on the gross, histopathological and molecular detection GIV infection was established.

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Effect of human papillomavirus 16 oncoproteins on oncostatin M upregulation in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection modulates several host cytokines contributing to cancer development. Oncostatin M (OSM), an IL-6 family cytokine, acts to promote cell senescence and inhibit growth. Its dysregulation promotes cell survival, cell proliferation and metastasis in various malignancies. The effect of HPV on OSM dysregulation has not been investigated. To elucidate this, immunohistochemistry was used on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues: HPV-positive (50) and HPV-negative (50) cases. Immortalized human cervical keratinocytes expressing HPV16E6 (HCK1T, Tet-On system) were used to demonstrate the role of HPV16E6 in OSM expression. In addition, a vector containing HPV16E6/E7 was transiently transfected into oral cancer cell lines. Cell viability, cell-cycle progression and cell migration were evaluated using flow cytometry and a wound healing assay, respectively. The results showed various intensities of OSM expression in OSCC. Interestingly, the median percentages of strongly stained cells were significantly higher in HPV-positive OSCCs than in HPV-negative OSCCs. To explore the role of HPV oncoproteins on OSM expression, the expression of HPV16E6 in the HCK1T Tet-On condition was induced by doxycycline and HPV16E6 was found to significantly upregulate levels of OSM mRNA and protein, with concomitant upregulation of c-Myc. In addition, the levels of OSM mRNA and protein in E6/E7 transiently transfected oral cancer cells also gradually increased in a time-dependent manner and these transfected cells showed greater viability and higher migration rates and cell-cycle progression than controls. This result demonstrates that HPV16 oncoproteins upregulate OSM and play an important role to promote OSCC development.

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Long noncoding RNAs as novel predictors of survival in human cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background

Expression of various long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may affect cancer prognosis. Here, we aim to gather and examine all evidence on the potential role of lncRNAs as novel predictors of survival in human cancer.

Methods

We systematically searched through PubMed, to identify all published studies reporting on the association between any individual lncRNA or group of lncRNAs with prognosis in human cancer (death or other clinical outcomes). Where appropriate, we then performed quantitative synthesis of those results using meta-analytic methods to identify the true effect size of lncRNAs on cancer prognosis. The reliability of those results was then examined using measures of heterogeneity and testing for selective reporting biases.

Results

Three hundred ninety-two studies were screened to eventually identify 111 eligible studies on 127 datasets. In total, these represented 16,754 independent participants pertaining to 53 individual and 6 grouped lncRNAs within a total of 19 cancer sites. Overall, 83 % of the studies we identified addressed overall survival and 32 % of the studies addressed recurrence-free survival. For overall survival, 96 % (88/92) of studies identified a statistically significant association of lncRNA expression to prognosis. Meta-analysis of 6 out of 7 lncRNAs for which three or more studies were available, identified statistically significant associations with overall survival. The lncRNA HOTAIR was by far the most broadly studied lncRNA (n = 29; of 111 studies) and featured a summary hazard ratio (HR) of 2.22 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.86–2.65) with modest heterogeneity (I² = 49 %; 95 % CI, 14–79 %). Prominent excess significance was demonstrated across all meta-analyses (p-value = 0.0003), raising the possibility of substantial selective reporting biases.

Conclusions

Multiple lncRNAs have been shown to be strongly associated with prognosis in diverse cancers, but substantial bias cannot be excluded in this field and larger studies are needed to understand whether these prognostic information may eventually be useful.

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Acinar cell carcinoma: a report of 19 cases with a brief review of the literature

Abstract

Background

Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare pancreatic neoplasm with poorly defined prognosis. This study aimed to investigate this rare pancreatic neoplasm through comparing patients with ACC to pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma (DCA).

Methods

Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital pathology database was reviewed from 1995 to 2015, and 19 patients with pathologically confirmed ACC were enrolled while 19 conventional DCA patients assigned randomly as control. Retrospective review and follow-up were performed for each patient. Regression methods were used to identify differences between ACC and DCA.

Results

In our study, most patients suffered from abdominal or back pain, and no lipase hypersecretion syndrome was observed. For ACC, resected cases had better survival than those without resection, and earlier staging was related to longer survival. Resection with postoperative adjuvant therapy had a better outcome than surgery alone. Twelve cases developed recurrence. Compared to DCA, ACC had earlier staging and better survival. The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates for patients with ACC were 73.7, 26.3, and 5 %, respectively.

Conclusions

ACC carries a better prognosis than DCA and a similarly high recurrence rate, while surgical resection proved the best first-line approach for it. A well-planned neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy indeed benefit the patients with ACC.

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Quantitative assessment technique of HyperEye medical system angiography for coronary artery bypass grafting

Abstract

Purpose

The HyperEye Medical System (HEMS) uses indocyanine green (ICG) to visualize blood vessels in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We performed quantitative HEMS assessment to detect grafts at risk of occlusion.

Methods

We assessed the HEMS angiograms of 177 grafts from 69 patients who underwent CABG and compared the results with those of fluoroscopic coronary angiography, by measuring the increasing rate of ICG intensity, average acceleration value, and time to peak luminance intensity.

Results

Grafts in the patent and failed groups showed significant differences in their increasing rate of intensity and average acceleration value. The average accelerations value of ICG intensity of internal thoracic artery (ITA) and saphenous vein (SV) grafts were 112.3 and 144.9 intensity/s² in the patent group, and 71.0 and 91.8 intensity/s² in the failed group. The time to peak luminance intensity was 1.7 and 1.4 s in the patent group and 2.3 and 1.9 s in the failed group; these values were not significantly different.

Conclusion

Significant reductions in the ICG intensity rate and average acceleration value can occur in failed grafts. Therefore, quantifiable changes in ICG intensity may help detect minute changes in blood flow.

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Clinical Outcomes and Biologic Costs of Switching Between Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in US Veterans with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and drug/administration costs of treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) agents in US veterans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiating TNFi therapy. The analysis compared patients initiating and continuing a single TNFi with patients who subsequently switched to a different TNFi.

Methods

Data from patients enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry who initiated treatment with adalimumab, etanercept, or infliximab from 2003 to 2010 were analyzed. Outcomes included duration of therapy, Disease Activity Score based on 28 joints (DAS28), and direct drug and drug administration costs.

Results

Of 563 eligible patients, 262 initiated a single TNFi therapy, 142 restarted their initial TNFi after a ≥90-day gap in treatment (interrupted therapy), and 159 switched to a different TNFi. Patients who switched had higher mean DAS28 before starting TNFi therapy than patients with single or interrupted therapy: 5.3 vs 4.5 or 4.6, respectively. Mean duration of the first course was 34.3 months for single therapy, 18.3 months for interrupted therapy, and 17.7 months for switched therapy. Mean post-treatment DAS28 was highest for patients who switched TNFi. Mean annualized costs for first course were $13,800 for single therapy, $13,200 for interrupted therapy, and $14,200 for switched therapy; mean annualized costs for second course were $12,800 for interrupted therapy and $15,100 for switched therapy.

Conclusion

Patients who switched TNFi had higher pre-treatment DAS28 and higher overall costs than patients who received the same TNFi as either single or interrupted therapy.

Funding

This research was funded by Immunex Corp., a fully owned subsidiary of Amgen Inc., and by VA HSR&D Grant SHP 08-172.

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Promoting Patient and Family Partnerships in Ambulatory Care Improvement: A Narrative Review and Focus Group Findings

Abstract

Introduction

Ambulatory practices that actively partner with patients and families in quality improvement (QI) report benefits such as better patient/family interactions with physicians and staff, and patient empowerment. However, creating effective patient/family partnerships for ambulatory care improvement is not yet routine. The objective of this paper is to provide practices with concrete evidence about meaningfully involving patients and families in QI activities.

Methods

Review of literature published from 2000–2015 and a focus group conducted in 2014 with practice advisors.

Results

Thirty articles discussed 26 studies or examples of patient/family partnerships in ambulatory care QI. Patient and family partnership mechanisms included QI committees and advisory councils. Facilitators included process transparency, mechanisms for acting on patient/family input, and compensation. Challenges for practices included uncertainty about how best to involve patients and families in QI. Several studies found that patient/family partnership was a catalyst for improvement and reported that partnerships resulted in process improvements. Focus group results were concordant.

Conclusion

This paper describes emergent mechanisms and processes that ambulatory care practices use to partner with patients and families in QI including outcomes, facilitators, and challenges.

Funding

Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

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Significant impact of biochemical recurrence on overall mortality in patients with high-risk prostate cancer after carbon-ion radiotherapy combined with androgen deprivation therapy

BACKGROUND

Whether biochemical recurrence (BR) is a significant predictive factor of mortality after definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relation between BR and overall mortality (OAM) in high-risk prostate cancer patients who were treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and had long-term follow-up in 2 prospective trials.

METHODS

In the 2 phase 2 clinical trials, which involved 466 prostate cancer patients who received 63.0 to 66.0 Gy of CIRT (relative biological effect) in 20 fractions between 2000 and 2007, 324 patients who were deemed to be at high risk on the basis of the modified D'Amico classification criteria and received CIRT along with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) were examined. The OAM rate was adjusted for the ADT duration, and multivariate analyses using a Cox proportional hazards model were performed for OAM with BR as a time-dependent covariate.

RESULTS

The median follow-up period was 107.4 months, and the 5- and 10-year OAM rates after adjustments for the ADT duration were 7.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0%-9.4%) and 23.9% (95% CI, 16.4%-26.2%), respectively. A multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of BR (hazard ratio, 2.82; 95% Cl, 1.57-5.08; P = .001) was one of the predictive factors for OAM. On the other hand, the duration of ADT had no impact on OAM.

CONCLUSIONS

BR after CIRT combined with ADT is an independent predictive factor for OAM in high-risk prostate cancer patients. The results of this study could be applied to other high-dose radiation therapies. Cancer 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.

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Randomized phase 3 study in low-grade lymphoma comparing maintenance anti-CD20 antibody with observation after induction therapy: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E1496)

BACKGROUND

In an ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group study (E1496), maintenance rituximab (MR) was reported to prolong progression-free survival (PFS) in comparison with observation (OBS) alone in patients with indolent lymphoma after induction chemotherapy. Here the long-term follow-up of the same patient cohort is presented.

METHODS

Patients with indolent lymphoma received induction chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP). Patients with stable disease or a better response were then randomized to weekly rituximab (375 mg/m² × 4 doses) every 6 months for 2 years (MR) or to OBS. The primary endpoint was PFS; the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), response rate, and toxicities.

RESULTS

Of the 387 patients who initially received CVP induction, 158 were randomized to MR, and 153 were randomized to OBS. After a median follow-up of 11.5 years, patients on MR had longer median PFS (4.8 years) than patients on OBS (1.3 years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; P < .0001). However, there was no difference in OS between MR and OBS (10-year OS, 67% vs 59%; median OS, 13.5 years vs not reached; HR, 0.91; P = .69). Other than MR, only minimal residual disease after induction therapy was significantly associated with PFS on multivariate analysis (HR, 0.71; P = .02). A low initial tumor burden, minimal residual disease, follicular histology, a low Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index score, and female sex were associated with longer OS. There was no increase in the rate of second primary malignancies with MR vs OBS.

CONCLUSIONS

With long-term follow-up, MR did not influence OS. The PFS benefit was maintained. MR should be considered optional for patients with indolent B-cell lymphoma. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

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Statewide geographic variation in outcomes for adults with acute myeloid leukemia in North Carolina

BACKGROUND

Population-based studies have demonstrated survival disparities related to socioeconomic factors for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The objective of the current study was to determine whether the local health care infrastructure, represented by Area Health Education Centers (AHEC) region, or treating center experience, represented by National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCICCC) designation, were associated with outcomes among patients with AML in North Carolina.

METHODS

Patients who were diagnosed with AML from 2003 to 2009 were identified using the University of North Carolina Lineberger Integrated Cancer Information and Surveillance System, a database linking insurance claims to the North Carolina Cancer Registry. A Cox proportional-hazards model was used to explore survival based on AHEC region. A subset of patients who received inpatient chemotherapy was examined to evaluate the impact of treatment at an NCICCC.

RESULTS

Nine hundred patients were identified in the study period, 553 of whom received inpatient chemotherapy therapy within 30 days of diagnosis. Almost one-half of these patients (n = 294) received chemotherapy at a non-NCICCC. Among the patients who received intensive inpatient therapy, residence in 3 of 9 AHEC regions was associated with a higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio: range, 1.97-4.03; P < .01) at 1 year in multivariate analysis. Treatment at a non-NCICCC was not associated with an increased risk of mortality at 1 year (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.65).

CONCLUSIONS

Survival among patients with AML in North Carolina varies according to geographic region. Further examination of local practice and referral patterns may inform strategies to improve AML outcomes across the state. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

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Management strategies and outcomes for very elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

BACKGROUND

The number of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in our aging society continues to rise, although the optimal management of very elderly patients with DLBCL is unknown.

METHODS

This study evaluated 207 patients who were 80 years old or older at the diagnosis of DLBCL from 2002 to 2014 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Analyzed features included clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and tolerability of therapy. Cox proportional hazards models examined relations between the treatment regimen and survival.

RESULTS

The median age was 83 years (range, 80-96 years). Fifty-four percent of the patients had intermediate- to high-risk or high-risk International Prognostic Index scores. Fifteen percent had scores of 4 or higher on the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The initial therapies included rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP; 70%); rituximab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin (R-EPOCH; 6%); and non–anthracycline-based therapies, including rituximab, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CEOP) and rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CVP; 10%). With a median follow-up of 38.1 months, the 3-year failure-free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 55% and 54%, respectively. Eighty-eight patients experienced relapse during the follow-up, but only 3 patients (3.4%) experienced relapse beyond 3 years. Patients who received R-CHOP or R-EPOCH had significantly longer FFS than those who received R-CEOP or R-CVP, with 3-year FFS rates of 63% for R-CHOP, 74% for R-EPOCH, and 23% for R-CEOP and R-CVP. Male sex, a monocyte count ≥ 500 × 10⁷/L, and a CCI score ≥ 4 were significantly associated with inferior OS. Extranodal disease (≥2) and a higher CCI score were associated with a high risk of treatment-related mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

With anthracycline-based regimens such as R-CHOP and R-EPOCH, very elderly patients with DLBCL had superior outcomes similar to those achieved for younger patients with DLBCL. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

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Ascertainment of postprostatectomy radiotherapy for prostate cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database

BACKGROUND

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data are frequently used to examine receipt of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), but to the authors' knowledge the accuracy of data regarding second-course treatments is unknown.

METHODS

Using SEER-Medicare-linked data, the authors identified a cohort of men who underwent radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer with indications for RT due to adverse pathologic risk factors. Receipt of RT was compared between the SEER database and Medicare claims, with the latter considered to be the "gold standard." Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with ascertainment of RT in SEER.

RESULTS

A total of 3842 men were analyzed, 749 of whom were found to have Medicare claims for RT within 1 year of undergoing prostatectomy. SEER ascertainment of postprostatectomy RT was 56% overall: 76% among patients who received RT within 2 months of prostatectomy, 73% among patients who received RT between 2 to 4 months after prostatectomy, 63% among patients who received RT between 4 to 6 months after prostatectomy, 44% among patients who received RT between 6 to 8 months after prostatectomy, and 21% among patients who received RT between 8 to 12 months after prostatectomy. On multivariable analysis, increasing time from prostatectomy to RT was found to be significantly associated with decreased SEER ascertainment (odds ratio, 0.70 per month; P<.001). There also was variation noted by SEER region and urban/rural locale.

CONCLUSIONS

SEER underascertains the receipt of postprostatectomy RT compared with Medicare claims, and the magnitude of the underascertainment increases with longer time between prostatectomy and RT. These findings have direct implications for the use of SEER data alone to assess patterns of care and guideline concordance for second-course treatment. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

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Extent of atypical hyperplasia stratifies breast cancer risk in 2 independent cohorts of women

BACKGROUND

Women with atypical hyperplasia (AH) on breast biopsy have a substantially increased risk of breast cancer (BC). Here the BC risk for the extent and subtype of AH is reported for 2 separate cohorts.

METHODS

All samples containing AH were included from 2 cohorts of women with benign breast disease (Mayo Clinic and Nashville). Histology review quantified the number of foci of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH). The BC risk was stratified for the number of AH foci within AH subtypes.

RESULTS

The study included 708 Mayo AH subjects and 466 Nashville AH subjects. In the Mayo cohort, an increasing number of foci of AH was associated with a significant increase in the risk of BC both for ADH (relative risks of 2.61, 5.21, and 6.36 for 1, 2, and ≥3 foci, respectively; P for linear trend = .006) and for ALH (relative risks of 2.56, 3.50, and 6.79 for 1, 2, and ≥3 foci, respectively; P for linear trend = .001). In the Nashville cohort, the relative risks of BC for ADH were 2.70, 5.17, and 15.06 for 1, 2, and ≥3 foci, respectively (P for linear trend < .001); for ALH, the relative risks also increased but not significantly (2.61, 3.48, and 4.02, respectively; P = .148). When the Mayo and Nashville samples were combined, the risk increased significantly for 1, 2, and ≥3 foci: the relative risks were 2.65, 5.19, and 8.94, respectively, for ADH (P < .001) and 2.58, 3.49, and 4.97, respectively, for ALH (P = .001).

CONCLUSIONS

In 2 independent cohort studies of benign breast disease, the extent of atypia stratified the long-term BC risk for ADH and ALH. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

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Nutritional Status Parameters as Risk Factors for Mortality in Cancer Patients.

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Nutritional Status Parameters as Risk Factors for Mortality in Cancer Patients.

Nutr Cancer. 2016 Jun 27;:1-9

Authors: Mauricio SF, Ribeiro HS, Correia MI

Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between weight loss, handgrip strength (HGS) and phase angle (PA) before the beginning of chemotherapy with overall survival in cancer patients. Patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal and breast cancer who were over 18 years old and were scheduled to undergo adjuvant treatment at Hospital Borges da Costa/Brazil were evaluated. The exclusion criteria were neoadjuvant treatment, patients with kidney and liver disease and using diuretics. Weight, HGS and PA tests were performed by trained dietitians. The Kaplan-Meier survival method and the log-rank test, cox regression and ROC curve were used and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Two-hundred and twenty-eight patients were evaluated.The median survival time was higher among the patients who showed weight loss of less than 10% of usual body weight (p < 0.05). Regarding HGS, patients with decreased HGS had a 22.0 month survival versus 34.2 months for those with normal values (p < 0.05). 146 patients had normal PA values, and these patients had increased survival time compared to those with inappropriate values (p < 0.05). In the Cox regression, weight loss and PA were predictors of mortality, HGS wasn't significantly associated with mortality. ROC analysis revealed that weight loss was the nutritional status parameter with the most predictive power.

PMID: 27348185 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Seed Coats of Differently Colored European Varieties of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Characterization of Their Antioxidant and In Vitro Anticancer Activities.

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Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Seed Coats of Differently Colored European Varieties of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Characterization of Their Antioxidant and In Vitro Anticancer Activities.

Nutr Cancer. 2016 Jun 27;:1-13

Authors: Stanisavljević NS, Ilić MD, Matić IZ, Jovanović ŽS, Čupić T, Dabić DČ, Natić MM, Tešić ŽL

Abstract
To date little has been done on identification of major phenolic compounds responsible for anticancer and antioxidant properties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed coat extracts. In the present study, phenolic profile of the seed coat extracts from 10 differently colored European varieties has been determined using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer technique. Extracts of dark colored varieties with high total phenolic content (up to 46.56 mg GAE/g) exhibited strong antioxidant activities (measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl or DPPH assay, and ferric ion reducing and ferrous ion chelating capacity assays) which could be attributed to presence of gallic acid, epigallocatechin, naringenin, and apigenin. The aqueous extracts of dark colored varieties exert concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on all tested malignant cell lines (human colon adenocarcinoma LS174, human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-453, human lung carcinoma A594, and myelogenous leukemia K562). Correlation analysis revealed that intensities of cytotoxic activity of the extracts strongly correlated with contents of epigallocatechin and luteolin. Cell cycle analysis on LS174 cells in the presence of caspase-3 inhibitor points out that extracts may activate other cell death modalities besides caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. The study provides evidence that seed coat extracts of dark colored pea varieties might be used as potential cancer-chemopreventive and complementary agents in cancer therapy.

PMID: 27348025 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Cancers, Vol. 8, Pages 63: Advancing Clostridia to Clinical Trial: Past Lessons and Recent Progress

Most solid cancers contain regions of necrotic tissue. The extent of necrosis is associated with poor survival, most likely because it reflects aggressive tumour outgrowth and inflammation. Intravenously injected spores of anaerobic bacteria from the genus Clostridium infiltrate and selectively germinate in these necrotic regions, providing cancer-specific colonisation. The specificity of this system was first demonstrated over 60 years ago and evidence of colonisation has been confirmed in multiple tumour models. The use of "armed" clostridia, such as in Clostridium Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (CDEPT), may help to overcome some of the described deficiencies of using wild-type clostridia for treatment of cancer, such as tumour regrowth from a well-vascularised outer rim of viable cells. Successful preclinical evaluation of a transferable gene that metabolises both clinical stage positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents (for whole body vector visualisation) as well as chemotherapy prodrugs (for conditional enhancement of efficacy) would be a valuable early step towards the prospect of "armed" clostridia entering clinical evaluation. The ability to target the immunosuppressive hypoxic tumour microenvironment using CDEPT may offer potential for synergy with recently developed immunotherapy strategies. Ultimately, clostridia may be most efficacious when combined with conventional therapies, such as radiotherapy, that sterilise viable aerobic tumour cells.

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Cancers, Vol. 8, Pages 62: Modulating Dickkopf-1: A Strategy to Monitor or Treat Cancer?

Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted Wnt/β-catenin pathway antagonist involved in embryogenesis. It was first described 25 years ago for its function in head induction and limb morphogenesis. Since then, this protein has been widely studied in the context of active Wnt/β-catenin signalling during cellular differentiation and development. Dysregulation of DKK1 has been associated with bone pathologies and has now emerged as a potential biomarker of cancer progression and prognosis for several types of malignancies. Reducing the amount of circulating DKK1 may reveal a simple and efficient strategy to limit or reverse cancer growth. This review will provide an overview of the role of Dickkopf-1 in cancer and explore its potential use as a biomarker and therapeutic target.

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Cancers, Vol. 8, Pages 61: Optimizing the Detection of Circulating Markers to Aid in Early Lung Cancer Detection

Improving early detection of lung cancer is critical to improving lung cancer survival. Studies have shown that computerized tomography (CT) screening can reduce mortality from lung cancer, but this involves risks of radiation exposure and can identify non-cancer lung nodules that lead to unnecessary interventions for some. There is a critical need to develop alternative, less invasive methods to identify patients who have early-stage lung cancer. The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a promising area of research, but current technology is limited by a low yield of CTCs. Alternate studies are investigating circulating nucleic acids and proteins as possible tumor markers. It is critical to develop innovative methods for early lung cancer detection that may include CTCs or other markers that are low-risk and low-cost, yet specific and sensitive, to facilitate improved survival by diagnosing the disease when it is surgically curable.

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Feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) item banks for routine surveillance of sleep and fatigue problems in ambulatory cancer care

BACKGROUND

Routine screening for problematic symptoms is emerging as a best practice in cancer systems globally. The objective of this observational study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computerized adaptive testing (CAT) for fatigue and sleep-disturbance items compared with legacy measures in routine ambulatory cancer care.

METHODS

Patients who attended outpatient clinics at the Princess Margaret Cancer Center completed PROMIS CAT item banks and legacy measures (the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy [FACIT]-Fatigue scale and the Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]) using tablet computers during clinic visits. The completion rates, patient acceptability, and diagnostic accuracy of PROMIS CAT were evaluated against legacy measures using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

RESULTS

Participants consisted of 336 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 57.4 ± 15.7 years; 55% females; 75% Caucasian). Over 98% of patients did not find symptom screening was burdensome, although only 65% were willing to complete the survey at every visit. PROMIS CAT scores were significantly correlated with both FACIT-Fatigue scores (r = −0.83) and ISI scores (r = −0.57; p < 0.0001 for all). Areas under the curve (AUC) by ROC analysis for fatigue were 0.946 using the FACIT-Fatigue cutoff ≤30, 0.910 for sleep disturbance, and 0.922 for sleep impairment using the ISI cutoff ≥15. The recommended T-score cut-off for PROMIS CAT Fatigue was 57, Sleep Disturbance was 57, and Sleep Impairment was 57.

CONCLUSIONS

The current results support the feasibility and accuracy of PROMIS CAT and its potential for use in routine ambulatory cancer care. Future research will assess feedback of these data to clinicians and evaluate effects on earlier identification of and intervention for these problems. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

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Childhood leukemia incidence in California: High and rising in the Hispanic population

BACKGROUND

High rates of childhood leukemia incidence have been reported in Latin America and among Hispanic children in the United States. California's large Hispanic population affords an important opportunity to perform a detailed analysis of the leukemia burden among Hispanic children.

METHODS

Leukemias diagnosed among non-Hispanic white (NHW), Hispanic, African American (AA), and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) children aged birth to 19 years between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2012 were obtained from the California Cancer Registry (11,084 cases). Age-adjusted incidence rates, standardized rate ratios (SRRs), and secular trends in incidence (annual percent change [APC]) were analyzed by subtype, race/ethnicity, sex, and age.

RESULTS

Compared with NHW children, the incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was higher among Hispanic (SRR, 1.32) and lower among AA (SRR, 0.55) and API (SRR, 0.91) children. From 1990 to 2012, the incidence of ALL increased overall (APC, 1.1%) and among males (APC, 1.0%), females (APC, 1.3%), Hispanics (APC, 1.1%), AAs (APC, 1.9%), AA males (APC, 2.8%), API males (APC, 1.9%), and Hispanic females (APC, 1.5%). The incidence of ALL increased among Hispanic males aged 15 to 19 years (APC, 2.5%) and Hispanic females aged birth to 4 years and 15 to 19 years (APCs of 2.2% and 1.9%, respectively). The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia did not appear to differ among racial/ethnic groups. From 1990 to 2012, the overall incidence of acute myeloid leukemia remained stable but increased among Hispanics (APC, 1.2%), females (APC, 1.0%), Hispanic females (APC, 2.3%), and Hispanic females aged 15 to 19 years (APC, 3.4%).

CONCLUSIONS

Notable differences in the incidence of childhood leukemia were observed among 4 racial/ethnic groups in California. Factors that may contribute to these differences include differential exposure to carcinogens and/or genetic susceptibility. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

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