Delayed presentation of pulmonary artery perforation by an Amulet left atrial appendage closure device

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) devices offer stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation for patients intolerant of anticoagulation. Device placement leading to bleeding and cardiac tamponade have been reported periprocedurally but delayed presentations have not been reported in the literature. We present the case of an Amulet LAAO device causing erosion and bleeding from the main pulmonary artery that presented with cardiac tamponade 6 months after device placement. The pulmonary artery defect was repaired primarily and buttressed with a pericardial patch with good result.

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Squamous cell carcinoma of male urethra presenting as urethrocutaneous fistula

Description 

A 65-year-old man was referred with non-healing wound in the perineum and passage of urine from wound for last 3 months. He initially presented with voiding lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and perineoscrotal swelling to a local practitioner 3 months ago. The discharge card given to the patient mentioned that he underwent incision and drainage of the swelling under anaesthesia with suprapubic catheter placement. He also revealed history of two sessions of endoscopic dilatation performed 1 year ago. On local examination, there was normal external urethral meatus, presence of partially healed wound in the hemiscrotum with a hard indurated round partially healed wound at penoscrotal junction (figure 1). The inguinal lymph nodes were palpable and enlarged. History including local trauma, sexually transmitted diseases were unremarkable. His routine blood/urine examination was unremarkable. Further evaluation with retrograde urethrogram/micturating cystourethrogram showed evidence of urethrocutaneous fistula in the region of penobulbar urethra (figure 2). After proper...

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Leptomeningeal metastases of a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour: a rare entity

A 73-year-old man, without any medical history, had presented with dark urine and pale stool without pain. Diagnostic imaging revealed a tumour in the pancreas with liver metastases. Histopathological examination showed a well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour. After a stable 2.5 years on everolimus, progression of the liver metastases was seen and a switch was made to chemotherapy. Three months later, he developed progressive spinal neurological symptoms. MRI of the spine and brain revealed leptomeningeal contrast-enhancing lesions. Cytopathological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid showed malignant epithelial cells compatible with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour. Epithelial cell-adhesion molecule-based flow cytometry of the cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the presence of epithelial tumour cells. Based on these results, the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases of an originally well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour of the pancreas was made.

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Laparoscopic IPOM repair of an acquired abdominal intercostal hernia

Acquired abdominal intercostal hernia (AAIH) is an infrequent occurrence whereby intra-abdominal contents herniate into intercostal space directly from the peritoneal cavity through an acquired defect in the abdominal wall musculature and fascia. These hernias are difficult to diagnose and should always be suspected when a chest wall swelling occur after major or minor trauma. Surgical repair is warranted in symptomatic patients. The majority of AAIHs are repaired through an open approach using tension-free mesh, with significant recurrence risk. Recently, laparoscopic and robot-assisted repairs have been proposed. We discuss a 49-year-old man presented through outpatient setting with a 5-year history of ongoing left subcostal discomfort and a reducible lump. His history included a workplace accident 5 years ago. Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT confirmed AAIH with omentum herniation into the sac. A successful laparoscopic repair with intraperitoneal onlay mesh technique using composite mesh was performed.

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Neurocysticercosis: do not miss the eye

Description 

A 6-year-old girl presented with new-onset left focal seizures, and was started on valproate. There was no history of fever, headache, visual deficit and neurological examination was completely normal. Neuroimaging revealed ring enhancing lesion in the right parietal lobe. Ocular examination revealed visual acuity of 6/6 in both eyes, with no evidence of uveitis or other abnormality of the anterior segment. Fundus examination revealed hypopigmented area in left retina midway between fovea and optic disc. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) using Spectralis HRA-OCT revealed presence of scolex beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (figure 1A). A Child was started on oral prednisolone and albendazole, and a 28-day course was completed. Repeat OCT revealed resolution of the scolex (figure 1B) and neuroimaging showed disappearance of the ring-enhancing lesion.

Figure 1

(A) Optical coherence tomography showing scolex beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (B) Optical coherence tomography showing resolution of scolex...

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Adenobronchial fistula secondary to tuberculosis in an immunocompetent adult patient

Description 

A 72-year-old patient, retired miner, with no history of interest, which comes for an irritative cough with dark expectoration of 9 months of evolution. On physical examination, the patient was haemodynamically stable, afebrile and without notable alterations. No alterations were observed in the blood analysis and chest X-ray. A sputum microbiological study was performed observing resistant alcohol-acid bacilli, with positive Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/Rifampicin (RIF) study and culture of mycobacteria with MTB isolate sensitive to all first-line drugs. A chest CT scan showed calcified mediastinal and bilateral hilar adenopathies, a bilateral micronodular interstitial pattern suggestive of pneumoconiosis and an increase in pseudonodular density with a bronchogram on right interior lobe (RIL) suggestive of an infectious process. An air cavity of subcarinal localisation with fistulisation to both main bronchi is observed in relation to adenopathy with necrosis (figure 1A). A bronchoscopy was performed in which a fistulous orifice with thick...

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Death related to Cedecea lapagei in a soft tissue bullae infection: a case report

Cedecea lapagei bacterium was discovered in 1977 but was not known to be pathogenic to humans until 2006. In the medical literature there are very few clinical case reports of Cedecea lapagei; none have reported ...

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