Abstract
Background
Severe non-AIDS bacterial infections (SBIs) are one of the leading causes of hospital admissions among persons with HIV (PWH) in regions with high ART coverage.
Methods
This large prospective cohort study of PWH examined the types of infections, bacterial documentation, and evolution of antibiotic resistance among PWH hospitalized with SBIs over an 18-year period.
Results
Between 2000 and 2017, 459 PWH had at least one SBI with bacterial documentation. Among the 847 SBIs, there were 280 cases of bacteremia, 269 cases of pneumonia, and 240 urinary tract infections. The 1025 isolated bacteria included Enterobacteriaceae (n = 394; mainly
Escherichia coli),
Staphylococcus aureus (n = 153) and
Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 82). The proportion of
S. pn eumoniae as the causative agent in pneumonia and bacteremia decreased sharply over time, from 34% to 8% and from 21 to 3%, respectively.The overall antibiotic resistance of
S. aureus and
S. pneumoniae decreased progressively but it increased for Enterobacteriaceae (from 24% to 48% for amoxicillin-clavulanate, from 4 to 18% for cefotaxime, and from 5% to 27% for ciprofloxacin). Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was associated with higher nonsusceptibility of
S. pneumoniae to amoxicillin and erythromycin, higher nonsusceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones, and a higher risk of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae.
Conclusions
The bacterial resistance pattern among PWH between 2014 and 2017 was broadly similar to that in the general population, with the exception of a higher resistance profile of Enteroba cteriaceae to fluoroquinolones. The use of cotrimoxazole as prophylaxis was associated with an increased risk of antibiotic resistance.
