A proposal for a new classification of coracobrachialis muscle morphology.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A proposal for a new classification of coracobrachialis muscle morphology. Via radiol anat Related Articles A proposal for a new classification of coracobrachialis muscle morphology. Surg Radiol Anat. 2021 Feb 09;: Authors: Szewczyk B, Polguj M, Paulsen F, Podgórski M, Duparc F, Karauda P, Olewnik Ł Abstract INTRODUCTION: The coracobrachialis muscle (CRM) originates from the apex of the coracoid process, in common with the short head of the biceps brachii muscle, and from the intermuscular septum. It inserts to the medial part of the humerus between the attachment of the medial head of the triceps brachii and the brachial muscle. Both the proximal and distal attachments of the CRM, as well as its relationship with the musculocutaneus nerve, demonstrate morphological variability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and one upper limbs (52 left, and 49 right) fixed in 10% formalin solution were examined. RESULTS: Three main types, with subtypes, were identified. The most common was Type I (49.5), characterized by a single muscle belly with a classical origin from the coracoid process, medially and posteriorly to the tendon of the biceps brachii. Type II (42.6%), characterized by two heads, was divided into two subtypes (A-B) depending on its origin: Type IIA, where one head originated from the coracoid process posteriorly to the tendon of the biceps brachii and the second head from the short head of the biceps brachii, and Type IIB, in which both heads originated from the coracoid process; however, the superficial head fused with the insertion of a short head of the biceps brachii, while the deep head was directly originating. Finally, Type III (7.9%) was characterized by three heads: two originated from the coracoid process (superficial and deep), and the third from a short head of the biceps brachii. Two types of insertion and two types of musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) relat ive to CRM could be distinguished. CONCLUSION: An adapted classification is needed for all clinicians working in this area, as well as for anatomists. The CRM demonstrates morphological variability in both its proximal and distal attachments, as well as the variable course of the MCN relative to the CRM. WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT "AND" WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: Not much is known about the variability of coracobrachialis muscle. The present paper introduces a completely new classification, both clinical and anatomical. PMID: 33564931 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Is there still a place for conventional histopathology in the age of molecular medicine? Laurén classification, inflammatory infiltration and other current topics in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Is there still a place for conventional histopathology in the age of molecular medicine? Laurén classification, inflammatory infiltration and other current topics in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Via Cellular and Molecular Biology Related Articles Is there still a place for conventional histopathology in the age of molecular medicine? Laurén classification, inflammatory infiltration and other current topics in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Histol Histopathol. 2021 Feb 10;:18309 Authors: Díaz Del Arco C, Ortega Medina L, Estrada Muñoz L, García Gómez de Las Heras S, Fernández Aceñero MJ Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In western countries, more than half of GC patients are diagnosed at advanced stages and 5-year survival rates range between 20-30%. The only curative treatment is surgery, and despite recent advances in oncological therapies, GC prognosis is still poor. The main prognostic tool for patient categorization and treatment selection is the TNM classification, but its limitations are being increasingly recognized. Early recurrences may occur in early-stage disease, and patients at the same stage show heterogeneous outcomes. Thus, there is a need to improve GC stratification and to identify new prognostic factors, which may allow us to select drug-susceptible populations, refine patient grouping for clinical trials and discover new therapeutic targets. Molecular classifications have been developed, but they have not been translated to the clinical practice. On the other hand, histological assessment is cheap and widely available, and it is still a mainstay in the era of molecular medicine. Furthermore, histological features are acquiring new roles as reflectors of the genotype-phenotype correlation, and their potential impact on patient management is currently being analyzed. The aim of this literature review is to provide a modern overview of the histological assessment of GC. In this study, we discuss recent topics on the histological diagnosis of GC, focusing on the current role of Laurén classification and the potential value of new histological features in GC, such as inflammatory infiltration and tumor budding. PMID: 33565601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Effects of Effortful Swallowing Exercise with Progressive Anterior Tongue Press Using Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) on the Strength of Swallowing-Related Muscles in the Elderly: A Preliminary Study.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Effects of Effortful Swallowing Exercise with Progressive Anterior Tongue Press Using Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) on the Strength of Swallowing-Related Muscles in the Elderly: A Preliminary Study. Via swallowing exercises Related Articles Effects of Effortful Swallowing Exercise with Progressive Anterior Tongue Press Using Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) on the Strength of Swallowing-Related Muscles in the Elderly: A Preliminary Study. Dysphagia. 2021 Feb 10;: Authors: Oh JC Abstract The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of effortful swallowing (ES) exercise programs applied to increase the swallowing-related muscle strength in the elderly. In this study, 20 healthy elderly people (76.65 ± 5.87 years; 10 women and 10 men) participated and exercised for 7 weeks. The experimental group performed ES exercise combined with external resistance using Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI), and the control group performed pure ES without external resistance. The exercises were performed for 20 min a day, 2 days a week for 7 weeks in both groups. ES was repeated 60 times in weeks 1 and 2, 80 times in week 3 and 4, and 120 times in weeks 5-7. In the experimental group, the isometric and swallowing tongue pressures at week 8 were significantly improved compared to baseline. At week 8, the anterior and swallowing tongue pressures and anterior tongue endurance were significantly higher than those of the control group. In t he control group, no significant change in tongue pressure-related variables was observed after 7 weeks of exercise. ES exercise combined with IOPI resistance for 7 weeks tended to increase the suprahyoid muscle activation level without statistical significance. For clinical application of this exercise protocol, further studies including more elderly people and patients with dysphagia are required. PMID: 33566219 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Combined sialendoscopic/mini-preauricular microscopic approach for large proximal parotid sialolithiasis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Combined sialendoscopic/mini-preauricular microscopic approach for large proximal parotid sialolithiasis Via Auris Nasus Larynx Publication date: Available online 10 February 2021 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx Author(s): Emad A. Magdy, Mahmoud Seif-Elnasr, Mohamed F. Fathalla View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Adolescent Presentation of Nasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Adolescent Presentation of Nasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma Via JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Online First This case report describes an adolescent male who presented with a right-sided nasal mass after sustaining a concussion and was subsequantly diagnosed with a nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Expression of cell divisioncycle-associated genes and their prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Expression of cell divisioncycle-associated genes and their prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Related Articles Expression of cell divisioncycle-associated genes and their prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021;14(2):151-169 Authors: Wang Z, Xu J, Zhang S, Chang L Abstract The cell division cycle-associated (CDCA) protein family plays an essential role in tumor progression by cell division. However, the function of each CDCA family member in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well known. This study is to find the roles of CDCAs in the prognosis of HCC patients by using ONCOMINE, UALCAN, Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and cBioPortal databases. Overexpression of CDCA mRNA and protein were found to be significantly associated with individual cancer stages and tumor grades in HCC patients. Higher mRNA expressions of 6 CDCA family members were found to be significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that overexpressions of CDCA mRNA were independent prognostic factors for shorter OS in HCC patients. Moreover, a high mutation rate of CDCAs (27%) was also detected in HCC patients, and genetic alteration in CDCAs was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-fre e survival (DFS) in HCC patients. Finally, a functional analysis showed that CDCAs were mainly enriched in the cell cycle (hsa04110) and oocyte meiosis. Overall, these results indicated that CDCA2/3/4/5/8 could be prognostic biomarkers of survival in HCC patients. PMID: 33564348 [PubMed] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Expression of silent information regulator 1 in chronic rhinosinusitis and regulatory effects of inflammatory factors.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Expression of silent information regulator 1 in chronic rhinosinusitis and regulatory effects of inflammatory factors. Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Related Articles Expression of silent information regulator 1 in chronic rhinosinusitis and regulatory effects of inflammatory factors. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021;14(2):170-178 Authors: Gong J, Qi W, Wang W Abstract We aimed to investigate the expression of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and the regulatory effects of inflammatory factors. The mucosal epithelial tissues of the nasal ethmoid sinus were collected from 30 patients with CRS from March 2017 to March 2019, and tissues from patients undergoing functional rhinoplasty were included as a control group. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the histopathologic changes in the nasal mucosa and the expression of Sirt1. Epithelial cells in the control group were extracted from the ethmoid sinus mucosa and cultured in vitro. After the cells were treated with 0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) for 24 h, qRT-PCR and western blotting were carried out to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Sirt1. Nasal mucosal tissues of the control group were complete in structure, whereas large quantities of inflammatory cells infiltrated in nasal mucosa of the CRS group. Compared with the control group, the CRS group had significantly decreased protein and mRNA expression levels of Sirt1 (P<0.05), which significantly declined with increasing concentrations of IL-5 and IFN-γ (P<0.05). Thus, expression of Sirt1 in the nasal mucosa tissues of CRS patients is decreased, and inflammatory factors can reduce such expression in a dose-dependent manner. Sirt1 may participate in the inflammatory stress process of CRS. PMID: 33564349 [PubMed] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Osteoclast-like giant cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas: a case report.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Osteoclast-like giant cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas: a case report. Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Related Articles Osteoclast-like giant cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas: a case report. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021;14(2):179-185 Authors: Jiang J, Luo J Abstract The objective was to investigate the diagnosis and related clinical criteria of undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas with osteoid giant cells, and to analyze its treatment and prognosis. we report a case of this disease in a A 62 year old male, who had upper left abdominal pain for more than 10 days, had pain that was aggravated 1 day prior to visit. The pancreas showed a mass with volume 10 cm × 8 cm × 6 cm. On cut section, the mass was fish-fleshy like and necrotic with hemorrhage, and had a close relationship to the residual pancreatic tail. Microscopically, tumor was clearly found around osteoclastic giant cells, and tumor cells invaded the colon and spleen. This is a rare pancreatic tumor with no specific clinical manifestation or serologic marker, composed of undifferentiated osteoid giant cells. Rarely, patients may havelymph node metastasis. The diagnosis should rely on imaging data such as CT and MRI combined with immunohistochemistry. The treatment can be su rgical resection, but the prognosis is poor. PMID: 33564350 [PubMed] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Effect of the orientation of microskin on the survival rate of transplantation and improving the method.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Effect of the orientation of microskin on the survival rate of transplantation and improving the method. Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Related Articles Effect of the orientation of microskin on the survival rate of transplantation and improving the method. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021;14(2):186-195 Authors: Zheng X, Li X, Chen T, Chang F, Ji S, Hu X, Xiao S Abstract The direction of microskin transplantation is difficult to control, and the survival rate is critically affected. In this study, we show for the first time that survival rate of transplantation was improved by changing the direction of microskin. A human split-thickness skin graft was prepared as microskin (size of 1 mm × 1 mm), and was transplanted onto a wound in nude mice. The effect of the orientation of microskin on the survival rate of transplants was observed. The collagen membrane was first attached to the epidermal surface of pig skin, which was then cut into microskin and then they were floated on physiological saline. The effect of the collagen membrane on the orientation of microskin was observed. Then the microskin of pig with an epidermal surface attached to the collagen membrane was transplanted to the wound of the pig, and the survival rate of transplants was observed. In the 2nd, 3rd and 4th week after transplantation of nude mice, the wound healing rate in group A (all of the microskin's epidermal surface was upward) was significantly higher than in other groups (P < 0.01). The floating rate and the forward floating rate in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). Four weeks after microskin transplantation of pigs, the wound contraction rate in group A, compared with group B, was significantly lower, and the wound healing rate was significantly higher (P < 0.01). In microskin grafting, the direction of microskin significantly affects the survival rate of transplantation. The method of adhering the collagen membrane to the epidermal surface of microskin may ensure complete floating of microskin on the physiological saline with the epidermal surface facing up. This is a new method to improve the survival rate of microskin grafting. PMID: 33564351 [PubMed] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Integrated bioinformatic analysis identifies COL4A3, COL4A4, and KCNJ1 as key biomarkers in Wilms tumor.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Integrated bioinformatic analysis identifies COL4A3, COL4A4, and KCNJ1 as key biomarkers in Wilms tumor. Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Related Articles Integrated bioinformatic analysis identifies COL4A3, COL4A4, and KCNJ1 as key biomarkers in Wilms tumor. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021;14(2):196-208 Authors: Guo C, Jiang X, Guo J, Wu Y, Bao G Abstract Wilms tumor (WT) is one of the most common pediatric solid tumors, affecting 1 in 10,000 children, worldwide. A subset of WT patients has poor prognosis, which is associated with a high risk of advanced and/or recurrent disease. Therefore, candidate markers are urgently needed for the diagnosis and effective treatment of WT. We evaluated three mRNA microarray datasets to identify the differences between normal kidney tissue and WT tissue. Gene expression profiling revealed 130 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Enrichment analysis and gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed for the DEGs. Subsequently, we established a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to reveal the associations among the DEGs and selected 10 hub genes, all of which were downregulated in WT. The expression of COL4A3, COL4A4, KCNJ1, MME, and SLC12A1 in WT tissues was significantly lower than that in normal renal tissues. Survival analyses using the Kaplan-Meier method showed that patients with WT and low expression of COL4A3, COL4A4, and KCNJ1 exhibited remarkably poor overall survival. The correlations among COL4A3, COL4A4, and KCNJ1 in WT were analyzed using cBioPortal; COL4A3, COL4A4, and KCNJ1 were positively correlated with each other. Thus, these genes were considered clinically significant and might therefore play important roles in carcinogenesis and the development of WT. PMID: 33564352 [PubMed] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Early changes of NLRP3 inflammasome activation after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Early changes of NLRP3 inflammasome activation after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Related Articles Early changes of NLRP3 inflammasome activation after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021;14(2):209-220 Authors: Li N, Liu C, Wang C, Chen R, Li X, Wang Y, Wang C Abstract The pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury may involve activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and its downstream effectors, caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β. The start time of therapy is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome following HI injury. We performed this study investigating early dynamic changes in NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β expression during the first 24 h following HI brain injury in an animal model, in order to optimize selection of treatment time after injury. Rats were randomized to an HI group (n=40) and sham group (n=40). Rats in the HI group were subjected to right common carotid artery ligation and then exposed to hypoxia (8% O2) for 2 h, and divided into 5 subgroups with 8 cases in each group at 5 postoperative time points (0, 4, 8, 12, 24 h). Brain injury during the first 24 h after surgery/hypoxia was evaluated by cranial ultrasonography. RT-PCR, western blot, and imm unohistochemistry were applied to determine protein and mRNA expressions. In the HI group, ultrasonography revealed accelerated right vertebrobasilar artery flow at 4 h, enhanced brain parenchyma echogenicity at 24 h, and blood stealing from the vertebrobasilar artery at 24 h. In the HI group, immunohistochemistry demonstrated elevated expressions of NLRP3 and IL-1β at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h and enhanced expression of caspase-1 at 8 and 12 h (all P < 0.01). Western blot and RT-PCR revealed that, compared with the sham group, the HI group exhibited elevated expression of NLRP3 at 4, 8, and 24 h, caspase-1 at 12 h, and IL-1β at 8 h (all P < 0.05). In summary, the present results suggested that activation of NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling occurs within 4 h of HI brain injury in the neonatal rat. PMID: 33564353 [PubMed] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.