Cancers, Vol. 10, Pages 118: Roles of Polyploid/Multinucleated Giant Cancer Cells in Metastasis and Disease Relapse Following Anticancer Treatment

Cancers, Vol. 10, Pages 118: Roles of Polyploid/Multinucleated Giant Cancer Cells in Metastasis and Disease Relapse Following Anticancer Treatment

Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers10040118

Authors: Razmik Mirzayans Bonnie Andrais David Murray

Tumors and tumor-derived cell lines contain polyploid giant cells with significantly elevated genomic content, often with multiple nuclei. The frequency of giant cells can increase markedly following anticancer treatment. Although giant cells enter a dormant phase and therefore do not form macroscopic colonies (aggregates of ≥50 cells) in the conventional in vitro colony formation assay, they remain viable and metabolically active. The purpose of this commentary is to underscore the potential importance of polyploid/multinucleated giant cells in metastasis and cancer recurrence following exposure to anticancer agents. We also discuss the possibility that most preclinical (cell-based and animal model) drug discovery approaches might not account for delayed responses that are associated with dormant giant cells.

https://ift.tt/2GZSrYx

Cancers, Vol. 10, Pages 118: Roles of Polyploid/Multinucleated Giant Cancer Cells in Metastasis and Disease Relapse Following Anticancer Treatment

Cancers, Vol. 10, Pages 118: Roles of Polyploid/Multinucleated Giant Cancer Cells in Metastasis and Disease Relapse Following Anticancer Treatment

Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers10040118

Authors: Razmik Mirzayans Bonnie Andrais David Murray

Tumors and tumor-derived cell lines contain polyploid giant cells with significantly elevated genomic content, often with multiple nuclei. The frequency of giant cells can increase markedly following anticancer treatment. Although giant cells enter a dormant phase and therefore do not form macroscopic colonies (aggregates of ≥50 cells) in the conventional in vitro colony formation assay, they remain viable and metabolically active. The purpose of this commentary is to underscore the potential importance of polyploid/multinucleated giant cells in metastasis and cancer recurrence following exposure to anticancer agents. We also discuss the possibility that most preclinical (cell-based and animal model) drug discovery approaches might not account for delayed responses that are associated with dormant giant cells.

from Cancer via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2GZSrYx
via IFTTT

[Radiation therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A review].

Related Articles

[Radiation therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A review].

Bull Cancer. 2018 Apr 10;:

Authors: Jmour O, Pellat A, Colson-Durand L, To NH, Latorzeff I, Sargos P, Sobhani I, Belkacemi Y

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are multifactorial diseases characterized by a chronic intestinal inflammation. Abdominal and pelvic irradiation can result in acute or chronic digestive toxicity. A few old studies on small population samples have suggested an increase of gastro-intestinal toxicities in patients with IBD in case of irradiation. Nevertheless, the physiopathology is unknown. More recent studies, including new irradiation techniques, have shown less toxicity events in these patients with IBD. There are no recommendations for irradiation in patients with IBD. This review aims to report recent data on this topic and discuss them regarding radiation parameters.

PMID: 29653817 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from Cancer via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HAEo8V
via IFTTT

Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of patient profiles and treatment patterns—Results of a non-interventional study of the DeCOG

Publication date: June 2018
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 96
Author(s): Uwe Hillen, Ulrike Leiter, Sylvie Haase, Roland Kaufmann, Jürgen Becker, Ralf Gutzmer, Patrick Terheyden, Albrecht Krause-Bergmann, Hans-Joachim Schulze, Jessica Hassel, Nina Lahner, Uwe Wollina, Fabian Ziller, Jochen Utikal, Christine Hafner, Jens Ulrich, Hans-Günther Machens, Carsten Weishaupt, Axel Hauschild, Peter Mohr, Claudia Pföhler, Jan Maurer, Patrick Wolff, Christine Windemuth-Kieselbach, Dirk Schadendorf, Elisabeth Livingstone
BackgroundAdvanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (aSCC) is an area of unmet medical need and no treatment standards are established. Recently, an anti-PD-1 inhibitor received FDA breakthrough therapy designation. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical course, therapeutic management and prognosis of aSCC under real-life conditions.Patients and methodsIn a retrospective study performed in 24 German and Austrian hospitals and doctor's offices, patient and tumour characteristics of patients diagnosed with aSCC between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2011 and their disease course was documented. Advanced SCC comprised either locally advanced SCCs (laSCC) or metastatic SCCs (mSCC) with any kind of metastatic spread.ResultsData of 190 patients with aSCC were analysed. Median age at time of diagnosis of aSCC was 78 years. LaSCC was diagnosed in 76 patients (40%), 114 patients (60%) had mSCC. Once diagnosed with laSCC, most patients (59%) did not receive any therapy, whereas in 92% of mSCC patients at least one type of therapy was performed. Only 32 patients (29 mSCC, 3 laSCC) received systemic antitumour therapies, mostly EGFR inhibitor-based regimens. Mean duration of response was short (17-months laSCC patients, 3-months mSCC patients). Only 2 patients achieved a complete response, 27% had a partial response, 43% disease stabilisation. At diagnosis of aSCC, ECOG status was 0–1 in most patients. Non-malignant comorbidities influenced the decision on SCC-specific therapy in 39 patients (21%).ConclusionsOur data show the high medical need for efficient and tolerable antitumour therapies and demonstrate that despite older age and comorbidities, most patients can be expected to be fit for treatment. This study provides a historical context for emerging aSCC treatments.



from Cancer via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HzaxO1
via IFTTT

Mental health insurance access and utilization among childhood cancer survivors: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study

Abstract

Purpose

To describe and compare the prevalence of mental health access, preference, and use among pediatric cancer survivors and their siblings. To identify factors associated with mental health access and use among survivors.

Methods

Six hundred ninety-eight survivors in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (median age = 39.4; median years from diagnosis = 30.8) and 210 siblings (median age = 40.4) were surveyed. Outcomes included having mental health insurance coverage, delaying care due to cost, perceived value of mental health benefits, and visiting a mental health provider in the past year.

Results

There were no differences in mental health access, preferences, and use between survivors and siblings (p > 0.05). Among respondents with a history of distress, most reported not having seen a mental health provider in the past year (80.9% survivors vs. 77.1% siblings; p = 0.60). Uninsured survivors were more likely to defer mental health services due to cost (24.6 vs. 8.4%; p < 0.001). In multivariable models, males (OR = 2.96) and survivors with public (OR = 6.61) or employer-sponsored insurance (ESI; OR = 14.37) were more likely to have mental health coverage.

Conclusions

Most childhood cancer survivors value having mental healthcare benefits; however, coverage and use of mental health services remain suboptimal. The most vulnerable of survivors, specifically the uninsured and those with a history of distress, are at risk of experiencing challenges accessing mental health care.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for experiencing high levels of daily life stress that is compounded by treatment-related sequelae. Integrative, system-based approaches that incorporate financial programs with patient education about insurance benefits can help reduce some of the financial barriers survivors face.

https://ift.tt/2vfRxBQ

Mental health insurance access and utilization among childhood cancer survivors: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study

Abstract

Purpose

To describe and compare the prevalence of mental health access, preference, and use among pediatric cancer survivors and their siblings. To identify factors associated with mental health access and use among survivors.

Methods

Six hundred ninety-eight survivors in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (median age = 39.4; median years from diagnosis = 30.8) and 210 siblings (median age = 40.4) were surveyed. Outcomes included having mental health insurance coverage, delaying care due to cost, perceived value of mental health benefits, and visiting a mental health provider in the past year.

Results

There were no differences in mental health access, preferences, and use between survivors and siblings (p > 0.05). Among respondents with a history of distress, most reported not having seen a mental health provider in the past year (80.9% survivors vs. 77.1% siblings; p = 0.60). Uninsured survivors were more likely to defer mental health services due to cost (24.6 vs. 8.4%; p < 0.001). In multivariable models, males (OR = 2.96) and survivors with public (OR = 6.61) or employer-sponsored insurance (ESI; OR = 14.37) were more likely to have mental health coverage.

Conclusions

Most childhood cancer survivors value having mental healthcare benefits; however, coverage and use of mental health services remain suboptimal. The most vulnerable of survivors, specifically the uninsured and those with a history of distress, are at risk of experiencing challenges accessing mental health care.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for experiencing high levels of daily life stress that is compounded by treatment-related sequelae. Integrative, system-based approaches that incorporate financial programs with patient education about insurance benefits can help reduce some of the financial barriers survivors face.

from Cancer via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2vfRxBQ
via IFTTT

Combined effects of rat Schwann cells and 17β-estradiol in a spinal cord injury model

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating traumatic event which burdens the affected individuals and the health system. Schwann cell (SC) transplantation is a promising repair strategy after SCI. However, a large number of SCs do not survive following transplantation. Previous studies demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2) protects different cell types and reduces tissue damage in SCI experimental animal model. In the current study, we evaluated the protective potential of E2 on SCs in vitro and investigated whether the combination of hormonal and SC therapeutic strategy has a better effect on the outcome after SCI. Primary SC cultures were incubated with E2 for 72 h. In a subsequent experiment, thoracic contusion SCI was induced in male rats followed by sustained administration of E2 or vehicle. Eight days after SCI, DiI-labeled SCs were transplanted into the injury epicenter in vehicle and E2-treated animals. The combinatory regimen decreased neurological and behavioral deficits and protected neurons and oligodendrocytes in comparison to vehicle rats. Moreover, E2 and SC significantly decreased the number of Iba-1+ (microglia) and GFAP⁺ cells (astrocyte) in the SCI group. In addition, we found a significant reduction of mitochondrial fission-markers (Fis1) and an increase of fusion-markers (Mfn1 and Mfn2) in the injured spinal cord after E2 and SC treatment. These data demonstrated that E2 protects SCs against hypoxia-induced SCI and improves the survival of transplanted SCs.

from Cancer via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2EN7aQu
via IFTTT