Παρασκευή 21 Μαΐου 2021

Advances in differentiation mechanism and function of regulatory T cell subsets

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调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)对于免疫反应非常重要。它们通过抑制过度的免疫应答来维持免疫稳态,其功能失调可影响多种人类疾病的发生发展,包括自身免疫性疾病、变应性疾病和恶性肿瘤等。既往认为Treg细胞属于稳定细胞,但近期多项研究表明,在某些疾病中,Treg细胞可重新分化为Treg细胞亚群,我们称之为辅助性T细胞(Th细胞)样Treg细胞。这些细胞与Th细胞共存,在表达叉头状螺旋转录因子3(Foxp3)并保有常规Treg细胞强大免疫抑制功能的同时,也表达CD4+Th细胞的关键转录因子并分泌相应的炎性因子。各种Th样Treg细胞亚群的存在增加了病理条件下免疫环境的复杂性。本文对几种常见Treg细胞亚群的表型特征、分化机制和功能研究进行综述,同时对Treg细胞亚群与变应性鼻炎、慢性鼻窦� ��伴鼻息肉、头颈部肿瘤等耳鼻咽喉科常见疾病的发病关系进行总结,以期能够深入认识Treg细胞亚群的功能并为相关疾病的靶向治疗提供依据。.

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 May 7;56(5):522-527. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200610-00487.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34011012 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200610-00487

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Application of deep convolutional neural networks in the diagnosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma based on narrow band imaging endoscopy

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Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 May 7;56(5):454-458. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200927-00773.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the possibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) technology based on convolutional neural network (CNN) to assist the clinical diagnosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) through deep learning algorithm. Methods: A deep CNN was developed and applied in narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy of 4 799 patients with laryngeal lesions, including 3 168 males and 1 631 females, aged from 21 to 87 years, from 2015 to 2017 in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University. A simple randomization method was used to select the laryngeal NBI images of 2 427 patients (1 388 benign lesions and 1 039 LSCC lesions) for the training and correction the CNN model. The remaining laryngeal NBI images of 2 372 patients (including 1 276 benign lesions and 1 096 LSCC lesions) were used as validation data set to compare performance between CNN and otolaryngologists. SPSS 21.0 software was used for Chi-square test to calculate the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of AI and otolaryngologists. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic ability of the algorithm for NBI images. Results: The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for NBI predictions were respectively 90.91% (AUC=0.96), 90.12% and 91.53%, which were equivalent to those for otolaryngologists' predictions (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were (91.93±3.20)%, (91.33±3.25)% and (93.02±2.59)%, t values were 0.64, 0.75 and 1.17, and P values were 0.32, 0.28 and 0.21, respectively). The diagnostic efficiency of CNN was significantly higher than that of otolaryngologists (0.01 vs. 5.50, t =9.15, P<0.001). Conclusion: AI based on deep CNN is effective for using in the laryngeal NBI image d iagnosis, showing a good application prospect in the diagnosis of LSCC.

PMID:34010998 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200927-00773

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Progress on diagnosis and treatment of thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma

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甲状舌管囊肿癌变发病罕见,缺乏典型的临床表现,超声、CT等影像学检查前难以有效确诊。术前细针穿刺(FNA)的准确率低,通常是术后病理偶然发现。目前针对手术方式的选择争议较大,本文对甲状舌管囊肿癌变组织起源、诊断、治疗和预后进行综述。.

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 May 7;56(5):532-535. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200715-00593.

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PMID:34011014 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200715-00593

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Unusual Relation of Facial Nerve and Retromandibular Vein in Parotid Surgeries: a Case Series

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Abstract

The relation between the facial nerve and the retromandibular vein is of paramount clinical significance during the parotid surgery for the protection of all the facial nerve branches as these two anatomic structures are always in close proximity. However, variations in the relationship of the facial nerve with the retromandibular vein, as presented in this paper complicate parotid surgery and increase the potentiality of unexpected bleeding and injury to the facial nerve injury. This study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital. 4 cases with unusual relation of facial nerve and retromandibular vein in parotid surgeries were studied & included in this study. Out of 70 parotid surgeries which were performed, 4 variations of the retromandibular vein in relation to facial nerve were encountered. With a meticulous dissection the facial nerve branches were separated from the retromandibular vein without causing any injury to the neurovascular structure s and functional deficit. Knowledge of normal anatomy of the extra cranial facial nerve and its relation with the retromandibular vein along with the probable anatomical variations leads to a safe parotid surgery.

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Preliminary audiological evaluation of the SoundBite bone conduction devices in adults with single-sided deafness

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Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 May 7;56(5):478-486. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200602-00465.

ABSTRACT

Objective: The auditory deficits of single-sided deafness (SSD) can be treated with a novel intra-oral device, SoundBite, which delivers sound by applying vibratory signal to the teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and benefit of the bone conduction device for Chinese adults with SSD. Methods: Eighteen patients aged 19-66 yrs with acquired, permanent sensorineural SSD and no current treatment by any other devices for SSD, were recruited in a prospective controlled, nonrandomized, unblinded study. They were requested the continually daily wear of the new device over a 30-day free trial period. The intra-oral hearing device was placed around two maxillary teeth and was similar to a small partial denture or retainer. The audiological tests included pure tone air conduction th resholds, monosyllable word recognition score (WRS) in quiet and sentence reception thresholds in noise (via CMNmatrix test). The benefit was determined with the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) and the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) questionnaire. Results: The monosyllable WRS and the 50% threshold of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR50) were significantly better in all aided conditions. The head shadow effect, assessed by the SNR50 via CMNmatrix test improved an average of 2.6 dB after 30 days' wearing compared with unaided condition (P<0.001). The APHAB scores improved (P<0.05) for all subjects for the Global and Ease of Communication, Reverberation, Background Noise subscales. The SSQ scores improved (P<0.05) for all subjects for Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing subscales. Conclusion: The SoundBite is a good alternative to the well-established implantable bone conduction de vices in patients with SSD. An improvement in listening ability in noise and quiet as well as a decrease of the head shadow effect is validated as the expected.

PMID:34011002 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200602-00465

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Interpretation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in American sudden hearing loss clinical practice guideline (2019)

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2019年美国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学会发布了更新版突发性聋指南,与2012年发布的初版指南相比,新版指南对高压氧在突发性聋中的应用的陈述有了较大变化。本文拟对美国2019年版指南纳入的高压氧相关证据资料进行解读分析,同时对我国目前高压氧治疗突发性聋的诊疗与研究现状做简要综述。.

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 May 7;56(5):536-543. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200830-00709.

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PMID:34011015 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200830-00709

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Πέμπτη 20 Μαΐου 2021

Clinical application of combined infratemporal fossa approaches for internal carotid artery in petrous bone reconstruction for large lateral skull base tumors

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Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 May 7;56(5):417-423. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200613-00500.

ABSTRACT

Objective: By summarizing the technical points and therapeutic outcomes of combing infratemporal fossa approach (IFA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) reconstruction for the colossal skull base tumor invading ICA in petrous bone, the clinical application value was discussed. Methods: Five patients (2 males, 3 females,aging from 27 to 55 years old) who received surgeries between July 2015 and May 2017 for lateral skull base pathology involved petrous ICA using technique combined IFA and pre-reconstruction, were reviewed. Results: Among the five patients, three were paraganglioma of head and neck, one was carotid aneurysms, and one was recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). The median tumor size in the largest cross-section was 60 mm × 51 mm (range, 28 mm × 22 mm-72 mm × 58 mm). Complet e excision was achieved with IFA and ICA reconstruction. The median blood loss volume was 1 000 ml (range, 600-2 500 ml). Four cases showed no new long-term neurologic sequelae, while one showed hemiplegia due to graft vessel occlusion. Except for the one with ACC having facial nerve cut, others achieved good facial nerve function of HB grade Ⅰ to Ⅱ during 3 to 12 months, follow-up. No tumor recurrence was observed over the median duration of follow-up for above 36 months (range, 36-58 months). Conclusion: For lesions involved superior part of ICA, which is unable to separate from ICA, IFA and ICA reconstruction can achieve complete excision.

PMID:34010992 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200613-00500

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