Aged and Young Mice Differentially Respond to Tape‐Stripping in Epidermal Gene Expression

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Aged and Young Mice Differentially Respond to Tape‐Stripping in Epidermal Gene Expression Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Disruption of epidermal permeability induces an increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression and release, stimulation of epidermal lipid and DNA synthesis, and expression of antimicrobial peptides. Although alterations in epidermal function in the aged skin are known, whether the epidermal transcriptomic responses to barrier disruption differ between aged and young mice remains unknown. Here we performed RNA sequencing of the epidermis in 2-month- vs. 20-month-old mice following barrier disruption with repeated tape-stripping. At baseline condition, the epidermis of 20-month-old mice displayed an upregulation of inflammation-associated genes and down-regulation of epidermal structure- and development-related genes in comparison to 2-month-old mice. Barrier disruption upregulated expression levels of 327 genes and downregulated 209 genes in 2-month-old mice. In 20-month-old mice, the numbers of upregulated and down-regulated genes were 537 and 299, respectively. In comparison to young mice, the prominent upregulated genes in the 20-month-old mice were associated with IL-17 signaling pathway, while downregulated genes were mainly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. These results indicate that inflammation-associated signaling pathways are upregulated, while epidermal structure- and development-related genes are downregulated in the epidermis of aged mice, with further aggravation following barrier disruption, suggesting the importance of improving epidermal function in the elderly. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The hair follicle‐psoriasis axis: Shared regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The hair follicle‐psoriasis axis: Shared regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract It has long been known that there is a special affinity of psoriasis for the scalp: Here, it occurs most frequently, lesions terminate sharply in frontal skin beyond the hair line and are difficult to treat. Yet, surprisingly, scalp psoriasis only rarely causes alopecia, even though the pilosebaceous unit clearly is affected. Here, we systematically explore the peculiar, insufficiently investigated connection between psoriasis and growing (anagen) terminal scalp hair follicles (HFs), with emphasis on shared regulatory mechanism and therapeutic targets. Interestingly, several drugs and stressors that can trigger/aggravate psoriasis can inhibit hair growth (e.g. beta-blockers, chloroquine, carbamazepine, interferon-alpha, perceived stress). Instead, several anti-psoriatic agents can stimulate hair growth (e.g., cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, dithranol, UV irradiation), while skin/HF trauma (Köbner phenomenon/depilation) favors the development of psoriatic lesions and induces anagen in "quiescent" (telogen) HFs. On this basis, we propose two interconnected working models: a) the existence of a bidirectional "hair follicle-psoriasis axis", along which keratinocytes of anagen scalp HFs secrete signals that favor the development and maintenance of psoriatic scalp lesions and respond to signals from these lesions, and b) that anagen induction and psoriatic lesions share molecular "switch-on" mechanisms, which invite pharmacological targeting, once identified. Therefore, we advocate a novel, cross-fertilizing and integrative approach to psoriasis and hair research that systematically characterizes the "HF-psoriasis axis", focused on identification and therapeutic targeting of selected, shared signaling pathways in the future management of both, psoriasis and hair growth disorders. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The correlation between neonatal parameters and late‐onset inner ear disorders in congenital cytomegalovirus infection: an 10‐year population‐based cohort study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The correlation between neonatal parameters and late‐onset inner ear disorders in congenital cytomegalovirus infection: an 10‐year population‐based cohort study Via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Objective To evaluate the correlation of neonatal parameters with late-onset sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and vestibular dysfunction in individuals with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting The whole Taiwanese population. Participants Patients with related diagnostic codes and examinations in their records were regarded as having cCMV infection. Each subject in that group was matched to 10 control individuals with noncongenital CMV infection on the basis of several neonatal parameters, including low gestational age, low birth weight, low Apgar score, maternal history of CMV infection and prolonged cCMV infection. A total of 5,893 and 58,930 participants were enrolled in the study and control groups, respectively. Main outcome measures The main outcomes were the development of SNHL and the development of vestibular dysfunction within one year after birth as reflected by diagnostic codes and specific examinations. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each primary outcome between the two groups. Results Overall, 109 and 397 episodes of SNHL developed in the study group and the control group, respectively, and the study group demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of SNHL (adjusted HR: 2.56; 95% CI: 2.07–3.18). In addition, similar incidence rates of vestibular dysfunction were found in the study group and the control group, with 7 and 90 events, respectively (adjusted HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.36–1.67). In subgroup analyses, a higher incidence of SNHL was correlated with lower gestational age (GA) (adjusted HR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.29–3.39), lower birth weight (BW) (adjusted HR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.28–3.30), and prolonged cCMV infection (adjusted HR: 3.92; 95% CI: 1.95–7.88). Conclusions Low GA, low BW and a long disease course are significantly correlated with late-onset SNHL in cCMV infection. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Morphological Changes in Nasal Mucosa in Patients with Sarcoidosis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Morphological Changes in Nasal Mucosa in Patients with Sarcoidosis Via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract •Changes in the microvascular network of the nasal mucosa may be accompanied by changes in olfaction. •Contact endoscopic changes in the microvascular network of the nasal mucosa may be used as a marker of sinonasal sarcoidosis. •A modified version of the Negoro's classification, in use for the tongue mucosa, may be used for the classification of contact endoscopic microvascular patterns of the nasal mucosa in patients with sarcoidosis •The validation of the use of the vascular patterns of nasal mucosa on contact endoscopy as a marker of nasal disease activity is a major future research challenge •Contact endoscopy emerges as a promising technique for on-site diagnosis of early, advanced or late inflammatory mucosal spots or generalized mucosal affection in sarcoidosis. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cord Medialization in Unilateral Vocal fold paralysis improves forced vital capacity

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cord Medialization in Unilateral Vocal fold paralysis improves forced vital capacity Via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Objective The lateralized vocal fold of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (ULVFP) is unphysiological for expiration wherein vocal folds normally adduct to increase expiratory resistance and prevent small airway collapse. ULVFP may therefore impair ventilatory function and ventilatory volume. This study seeks to test if vocal fold medialization improves forced vital capacity (FVC). Design Prospective inception cohort intervention study. Setting Academic Tertiary Care Institution. Participants Twenty-five patients of ULVFP with a phonatory gap ranging from 2-6 mm. Main outcome measures Vocal fold medialization undertaken with autologous fat injection. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) assessments by spirometry undertaken pre-treatment and 1month post-treatment. Results Improvement in FVC noted in all patients with the quantum of improvement ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 liters. Mean FVC improved from 3.10 liters pre-injection to 3.45 liters post-injection. (p<0.001). A moderate correlation was noted between the degree of medialization and improvement in FVC (r=0.33, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient) Conclusion Objective improvement in FVC is consistently noted post vocal fold medialization for ULVFP, and is probably mediated by increased glottic expiratory resistance and consequent improvement in intrinsic PEEP. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Suspension Laryngoscopy Experiences in a Tertiary Airway Service: a Prospective Study of 150 Procedures

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Suspension Laryngoscopy Experiences in a Tertiary Airway Service: a Prospective Study of 150 Procedures Via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Objectives In most cases, suspension laryngoscopy (SL) is efficient, bloodless and with minimal post-procedure discomfort. We aimed to identify predictive patient factors for acceptable surgical views at SL as well as quantify our tertiary airway unit's complication rates. Design Prospective cohort study of 150 consecutive microlaryngoscopy procedures involving SL over an 8-month period between November 2019 and July 2020. Patients were assessed pre-operatively for pre-existing oral, temporomandibular, dental, pharyngeal or laryngeal pathology, interincisor distance and qualitative gross limitations to neck extension and forward head posture. Intraoperatively, the laryngoscopic view was graded by anaesthetic and surgical teams, and complications were recorded on patient interview in recovery. Setting Tertiary adult airway service for predominantly benign pathology. Results Adequate surgical views were obtained in 149/150 procedures. BMI had a weak positive correlation with a more difficult view (r=0.22, p=0.008;) but did not correlate with a statistically significant increase in any complication. There was a weak negative correlation between age and interincisor gap (r=-0.20, p=0.014), and wider mouth opening correlated very weakly with a lower incidence of sore throat (r=-0.19, p=0.023). Gross macroglossia showed a significant moderate positive correlation with tongue symptoms (r=0.45, p=1.611x10-8). Conclusion In the context of an experienced airway unit with a high caseload of predominantly benign pathology, SL is very effective and safe with low associated morbidity and no mortality. The most common complication of SL is temporary sore throat and there remain recognised risks of temporary tongue and dental symptoms. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Predisposing factors of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in patients with COVID 19 infection

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Predisposing factors of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in patients with COVID 19 infection Via Otolaryngology Indian Abstract The predisposing factors of invasive fungal disease in COVID 19 infection are still debatable because of the limited human understanding of the virus with the current literature. In this study, we have tried to correlate the various predisposing factors influencing the clinical profile and treatment outcomes in patients with covid associated mucormycosis (CAM). It is a retrospective analysis of cases of CAM during the second wave of COVID 19 infection, which was managed in the department of Otorhinolaryngology from Dec 1, 2020, to June 10, 2021. The detailed clinical, radiological and management of patients with CAM were collected, recorded, evaluated and correlated with the predisposing factors. Of the total, 46 patients, 44(95.65%) were diabetic and 41 patients had a previous history of steroid intake. When clinical parameters were compared between blood sugar < 200 mg/dl and > 200 mg/dl, the old and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus in patients with CAM, there was no significant differences in any of the above clinical parameters (p > 0.05), except the hospital stay (p = 0,004). Steroid intake in patients with coexisting DM associated with CAM is considered the most important factor for the development of the CAM. There was are no significant difference in any of the clinical/treatment outcomes in patients with CAM with respect to the initial blood sugar, except for the hospital stay. A large sample size with a long-term follow-up period may be needed for a better understanding of common predisposing factors for the development of CAM. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.