Plasma Circulating Tumor HPV DNA and HPV-Related Oropharynx Cancer—A Caution—Reply

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Plasma Circulating Tumor HPV DNA and HPV-Related Oropharynx Cancer—A Caution—Reply via JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Current Issue In Reply Dr Johnson and colleagues raise a good point, as expressed in our article, that our findings should not be inferred to suggest that circulating tumor human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA (ctHPVDNA) is ready to be used for screening. Our observation that no ctHPVDNA was detected in healthy participants with detectable salivary HPV DNA or E6 serum antibody suggests a low false-positive rate (ie, suggests good specificity). However, as pointed out in the discussion of our research letter, and by Johnson et al, it is possible that the detecti on methods used in our study could be insensitive, and additional research is needed to verify the finding of high specificity in our study. View on Web

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Outcomes in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated With Checkpoint Inhibitors

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Outcomes in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated With Checkpoint Inhibitors via JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Current Issue This cohort study assesses survival outcomes and response rates among patients with recurrent or metastatic mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with checkpoint inhibitors with or without chemotherapy. View on Web

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A Novel Molecular Test for Determining HPV Integration Status in HPV-Positive Oropharynx Cancers

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader A Novel Molecular Test for Determining HPV Integration Status in HPV-Positive Oropharynx Cancers via JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Current Issue This diagnostic study describes the development of an ass ay for human papillomavirus–driven cancers of the oropharynx and the role viral integration could play in the process. View on Web

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Effect of malaria and malaria chemoprevention regimens in pregnancy and childhood on neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in children at 12, 24 and 36 months: a randomized clinical trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Effect of malaria and malaria chemoprevention regimens in pregnancy and childhood on neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in children at 12, 24 and 36 months: a randomized clinical trial via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract Background Malaria in pregnancy has been associated with worse cognitive outcomes in children, but its association with behavioral outcomes and the effectiveness of malaria chemoprevention on child neurodevelopment are not well characterized. Methods To determine if more effective malaria chemoprevention in mothers and their children results in better neurodevelopment, 305 pregnant women were randomly assigned to 3 doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, 3 doses of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) or monthly DP during pregnancy, and their 293 children were assigned to DP every 3 months or monthly DP from 2 to 24 months of age. Cognition, language and motor function were assessed at 12, 24 and 36 months of age, and attention, memory, behavior and executive function at 24 and 36 months of age. Results Children of mothers with vs. without malaria in pregnancy had worse scores on cognitive, behavioral and executive function outcomes at 24 months. Clinical malaria in children within the first 12 months was similarly associated with poorer scores in behavior and executive function at 24 months, language at 24 and 36 months, and motor function scores at 36 months. However, more effective malaria chemoprevention in the mothers and children was not associated with better outcomes. Conclusions Malaria in pregnancy was associated with worse cognitive, behavioral and executive function scores in affected children, but more effective malaria chemoprevention measures did not result in better outcomes. Malaria chemoprevention prior to and early in gestation and with even higher efficacy in mothers and children may be required to prevent neurodevelopmental impairment in children. View on Web

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Improved Survival after Liver Transplantation for Patients with HIV and HIV/HCV Coinfection in the INSTI and DAA eras

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Improved Survival after Liver Transplantation for Patients with HIV and HIV/HCV Coinfection in the INSTI and DAA eras via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract Background Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with and without hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection had poor outcomes after liver transplant (LT). Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) and direct-acting antivirals (DAA) changed the treatment landscape for HIV and HCV, respectively; their impact on LT outcomes remains unclear. Methods This retrospective analysis of adults with HIV monoinfection (n = 246) and HIV/HCV coinfection (n = 286) who received LT compared mortality in patients with HIV who received LT before vs. after approval of INSTI and in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection who received LT before vs after approval of DAA. In secondary analysis, we compared the outcomes in the different eras with those of propensity score (PS) matched control cohorts of LT recipients without HIV or HCV infection. Results HIV monoinfected LT recipients did not experience a significant improvement in su rvival between the pre-INSTI and INSTI recipients with HIV (aHR 0.70 [0.36-1.34). However, recipients with HIV/HCV coinfection in the DAA era had a 47% reduction (aHR 0.53 [0.31-9.2] in one-year mortality than co-infected recipients in the pre-DAA era. Compared to non-HIV or HCV recipients, HIV monoinfected recipients had higher mortality during the pre-INSTI era (aHR, ), but survival was comparable between groups during the INSTI era (aHR, ). HIV/HCV coinfected recipients also experienced comparable survival during the DAA era compared to non-HIV or HCV recipients (aHR, ). Conclusions Post-LT survival for patients with HIV monoinfection and HIV/HCV coinfection has improved with the introduction of INSTI and DAA therapy, suggesting that LT has become safer in these populations. View on Web

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Two-Stage Modeling to Identify How Colorectal Cancer Risk Changes With Period and Cohort

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Two-Stage Modeling to Identify How Colorectal Cancer Risk Changes With Period and Cohort via American Journal of Epidemiology - Advance Access Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates have decreased among adults aged 50 and older while increasing in adults under age 50. Understanding these trends is challenging due to the multiple related time scales of age, period of diagnosis, and birth cohort. We analyzed rectal, distal colon, and proximal colon cancer incidence rates for individuals aged 20 and older from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program for diagnosis years 1978-2017. We used a two-stage generalized linear model to describe age, period, and cohort effects for incidence. We first estimated birth cohort effects among people under 45. We used these results to specify prior distributions for cohort effects in a Bayesian model to estimate period effects among people 45 and older. There was no evidence of period effects for people under age 45. Risk for rectal and distal colon cancer increased for later birth cohorts. Compared to the 1943-1952 birth cohort, the 1983- 1992 birth cohort had 2.1 times the risk of rectal cancer, 1.8 times the risk of distal colon cancer and 1.3 times the risk of proximal colon cancer. For people over 45, period effects show declines in CRC risk that are attributable to screening. View on Web

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Optimizing SARS-CoV-2 Pooled Testing Strategies Through Differentiated Pooling for Distinct Groups

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Optimizing SARS-CoV-2 Pooled Testing Strategies Through Differentiated Pooling for Distinct Groups via American Journal of Epidemiology - Advance Access Abstract Pooled testing has been successfully used to expand SARS-CoV-2 testing, especially in settings requiring high volumes of screening of lower-risk individuals, but efficiency of pooling declines as prevalence rises.We propose a differentiated pooling strategy that independently optimizes pool sizes for distinct groups with different probabilities of infection to further improve the efficiency of pooled testing. We compare the efficiency (results obtained per test kit used) of the differentiated strategy to a traditional pooling strategy in which all samples are processed using uniform pool sizes under a range of scenarios.For most scenarios, differentiated pooling is more efficient than traditional pooling. In scenarios examined here, an improvement in efficiency of up to 3.94 results per test kit could be obtained through differentiated versus traditional pooling, with more likely scenarios resulting in 0.12 to 0.61 additional results per kit. Und er circumstances similar to those observed in a university setting, implementation of our strategy could result in an improvement in efficiency between 0.03 to 3.21 results per test kit.Our results can help identify settings, such as universities and workplaces, where differentiated pooling can conserve critical testing resources. View on Web

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