Motion and Volumetric Change as Demonstrated by 4DCT: The Effects of Abdominal Compression on the GTV, Lungs & Heart in Lung Cancer Patients

Publication date: Available online 19 December 2015
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology
Author(s): Abdullah Rasheed, Salma K. Jabbour, Stephen Rosenberg, Ajay Patel, Sharad Goyal, Bruce G. Haffty, Ning J. Yue, Alvin Khan
PurposeLung tumors move during respiration, complicating radiotherapy. The abdominal compression plate (ACP) is thought to reduce respiratory motion. This study quantifies ACP efficacy on respiratory-induced motion by using 4DCT to evaluate volume and displacement changes of the heart, lungs, and tumor with and without ACP.Methods and MaterialsLung cancer patients (n=17) received 4DCT simulations (10 CTs from 0%-90% breathing phases) with and without ACP under maximally tolerated diaphragmatic pressure. Gross tumor volume (GTV), heart and lungs were contoured in treatment planning software for each phase. Structures were exported for analysis. For each phase, with and without ACP, tumor and organ absolute centroid range of motion (ROM) and volume were calculated.ResultsACP did not significantly affect GTV, heart, or lung motion on the sample as a whole, but instead demonstrated patient-specific results. ACP reduced GTV motion in 3 (17.6%; 3 upper lobe tumors) by 2.9mm (p<0.01), increased motion in 5 (29.4%; 3 upper lobe tumors, 1 middle lobe, 1 lower lobe) by 1.9mm (p<0.03), and did not significantly change 9. Of the 3 patients exhibiting significantly decreased GTV motion, GTV, heart and lung ROM was 7.4mm, 11.8mm, and 11.9mm, respectively, without compression and 4.5mm, 8.4mm, and 10.9mm, respectively, with compression. Averaged across the sample, ACP did not exhibit any axis-specific effect.ConclusionsACP efficacy was patient specific, possibly due to preexisting factors including COPD severity, chest wall elasticity, tumor location, and patient comfort. Tumor lobe location does not pre-determine compression efficacy; therefore, patients should be simulated with and without ACP, regardless of tumor location. GTV motion seems most important in determining suitability for compression. Alternative motion control should be considered in patients not benefited by compression. In patients who benefited, ACP may enhance tumor coverage while minimizing toxicity. Larger scale studies are necessary for definitive treatment recommendations.



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