6-gene recurrence risk score for gastric cancer

Purpose: This study was aimed at developing and validating a quantitative multigene assay for predicting tumor recurrence after gastric cancer surgery. Experimental Design: Gene expression data were generated from tumor tissues of patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer (n=267, training cohort). Genes whose expression was significantly associated with activation of YAP1 (a frequently activated oncogene in gastrointestinal cancer), 5-year recurrence-free survival, and 5-year overall survival were first identified as candidates for prognostic genes (156 genes, P < 0.001). We developed the recurrence risk score (RRS) by using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to identify genes whose expression levels were significantly associated with YAP1 activation and patient survival in the training cohort. Results: We based the RRS assay on six genes-IGFBP4, SFRP4, SPOCK1, SULF1, THBS, and GADD45B-whose expression levels were significantly associated with YAP1 activation and prognosis in the training cohort The RRS assay was further validated in an independent cohort of 317 patients. In multivariate analysis, the RRS was an independent predictor of recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.4; P = 0.03). In patients with stage II disease, the RRS had a hazard ratio of 2.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-7.9; P = 0.03) and was the only significant independent predictor of recurrence. Conclusions: The RRS assay was a valid predictor of recurrence in the two cohorts of patients with gastric cancer. Independent prospective studies to assess the clinical utility of this assay are warranted.

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