Ethnic Variations in Estrogen and Its Metabolites: Sufficient to Explain Differences in Breast Cancer Incidence Rates?

<span class="paragraphSection"> For over 45 years, scientists have hypothesized that variation in endogenous estrogens may explain ethnic differences in breast cancer incidence (ie, Asians compared with US whites) ( <a href="#djw223-B1" class="reflinks">1–10</a> ). The challenges of confirming this hypothesis have been: 1) the lack of highly sensitive and reliable assays to accurately measure estrogen and its oxidative metabolites (EM) and 2) the lack of biomarkers that accurately capture environmental agents that may modify endogenous estrogens and their metabolism, making it difficult to partition out variance accounted for by the environment vs ethnicity. </span>

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