Frequency and risk factors for malnutrition in children undergoing general anaesthesia in a French university hospital: A cross-sectional observational study

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is often underdiagnosed in hospitalised children, although it is associated with postoperative complications, longer hospital lengths of stay and increased healthcare-related costs. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate the frequency of, and identify factors associated with, malnutrition in children undergoing anaesthesia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Paediatric anaesthesia department at the University Children's Hospital, Bordeaux, France. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 985 patients aged less than 18 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anthropometric measurements, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification score and the Pediatric Nutritional Risk Score (PNRS) recorded at the pre-anaesthesia evaluation. RESULTS: When assessed as a Waterlow index less than 80%, malnutrition was present in 7.6% children. This increased to 8.1% of children assessed by clinical signs and to 11% of children when defined by a BMI less than the third percentile. In a univariate analysis, children with a BMI less than the third percentile were more often born prematurely (22.4 vs 10.4%; P = 0.0008), were small for gestational age at birth (18.4 vs 4.5%; P 

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