Purpose: Trebananib is a first-in-class anti-angiogenic peptibody (peptide-Fc fusion protein) that inhibits Angiopoietin 1 and 2. A pediatric phase 1 trial was performed to define trebananib dose limiting toxicities (DLT), recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) and pharmacokinetics (PK).<br /><br />Experimental Design: Trebananib was administered by weekly infusion. Three dose levels (10, 15 or 30 mg/kg/dose) were evaluated using a rolling-six design. Part 2 evaluated a cohort of subjects with primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Pharmacokinetic sampling and analysis of peripheral blood biomarkers was performed during the first 4 weeks. Response was evaluated after 8 weeks. Correlative studies included angiogenic protein expression and DCE-MRI.<br /><br />Results: Thirty-seven subjects were enrolled (31 evaluable for toxicity) with median age 12 years (range, 2 to 21). Two of 19 evaluable non-CNS subjects developed DLT at the 30 mg/kg dose level, including venous thrombosis and pleural effusion. In the CNS cohort, 3/12 subjects developed DLT, including decreased platelet count, transient ischemic attack, and cerebral edema with headache and hydrocephalus. Other grade 3 or 4 toxicities included lymphopenia (n=4), anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, vomiting and hypertension (n=1 each). Response included stable disease in 7 subjects, no partial or complete responses. Two subjects continued study treatment with prolonged stable disease for 18 cycles (neuroblastoma) and 26 cycles (anaplastic astrocytoma). Pharmacokinetics appeared linear over 3 dose levels. Correlative studies demonstrated increased PlGF and sVCAM-1, but no change in endoglin or perfusion by DCE-MRI.<br /><br />Conclusions: Trebananib was well tolerated in pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory solid or CNS tumors. RP2D is 30 mg/kg.
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