Kaposi's sarcoma of the tonsils

Description

A 19-year-old HIV-positive man was referred to the ENT (ear, nose and throat) team with dysphagia and intermittent hearing loss. He had a CD4 count of 70 cells/mm³ (9%) and was receiving antiretroviral treatment (Raltegravir and Truvada). He had known Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) skin lesions on the neck and arms, and a left-sided level 5 neck node biopsy was positive for KS.

He gave a 2-week history of dysphagia at the level of the hyoid bone, as well as intermittent episodes of haemoptysis and haematemesis. He also described bilateral intermittent hearing loss over 2 weeks.

On examination there were large, irregular lesions on both tonsils, which clinically appeared to be KS (figure 1). There were several firm lymph nodes in the posterior triangle of the neck bilaterally and in the left supraclavicular fossa. Both tympanic membranes were dull and retracted. Flexible nasoendoscopy revealed a large adenoid...

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