Molecular Profiling in Colon Cancer: Where Are We Now?

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Despite intense investigation, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and women in the USA. With the advent of biologics and targeted therapies in oncology, molecular characterization of tumors has become of critical importance. This review seeks to outline the recent advances in the molecular profiling of CRC by highlighting the basic science background that has led to the diagnostic ability to portend prognosis and alter therapy.

Recent Findings

Building on existing knowledge of driver mutations has led to a better understanding of the molecular phenotypes of CRC and a transition from cytotoxic chemotherapy alone to targeting one aberration and now to considering multiple distinct targets for concerted therapy.

Summary

Utilizing genomic and epigenomic alterations, collectively grouped into distinct transcriptomic subtypes, now plays a vital role from initial diagnosis to continued treatment of virtually all colorectal carcinomas.

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