Abstract
The roles of specific fatty acids in breast cancer etiology are unclear, particularly among premenopausal women. We examined 34 individual fatty acids, measured in blood erythrocytes collected between 1996-1999, and breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study of primarily premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II. Breast cancer cases diagnosed after blood collection and before June 2010 (n=794) were matched to controls and conditional logistic regression was used to estimate OR's (95% CI's) for associations of fatty acids with breast cancer; unconditional logistic regression was used for stratified analyses. Fatty acids were not significantly associated with breast cancer risk overall; however, heterogeneity by body mass index (BMI) was observed. Among overweight/obese women (BMI≥25), several odd-chain saturated (SFA, e.g. 17:0, ORQ4vsQ1(95%CI) =1.85 (1.18-2.88), ptrend=0.006 pint<0.001), trans (TFA, e.g. 18:1, ORQ4vsQ1(95%CI) =2.33 (1.45-3.77), ptrend<0.001, pint=0.007) and dairy-derived fatty acids (SFA 15:0 + 17:0 + TFA 16:1n-7t; ORQ4vsQ1(95%CI) =1.83(1.16-2.89), ptrend=0.005, pint<0.001) were positively associated, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA, e.g. alpha-linolenic acid; ORQ4vsQ1(95%CI) =0.57 (0.36-0.89), ptrend=0.017, pint=0.03) were inversely associated with breast cancer. Total SFA were inversely associated with breast cancer among women with BMI<25 (ORQ4vsQ1(95%CI) =0.68 (0.46-0.98), ptrend=0.05, pint=0.01). Thus, while specific fatty acids were not associated with breast cancer overall, our findings suggest positive associations of several SFA, TFA and dairy-derived fatty acids and inverse associations of n-3 PUFA with breast cancer among overweight/obese women. Given these fatty acids are influenced by diet, and therefore are potentially modifiable, further investigation of these associations among overweight/obese women is warranted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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