Radiomics Signature on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Association with Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer

Purpose: To develop a radiomics signature based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with invasive breast cancer and to establish a radiomics nomogram that incorporates the radiomics signature and MRI and clinicopathological findings. Experimental Design: We identified 294 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent preoperative MRI. Patients were randomly divided into training (n = 194) and validation (n = 100) sets. A radiomics signature (Rad-score) was generated using an elastic net in the training set, and the cutoff point of the radiomics signature to divide the patients into high- and low-risk groups was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to determine the association of the radiomics signature, MRI findings, and clinicopathological variables with DFS. A radiomics nomogram combining the Rad-score and MRI and clinicopathological findings was constructed to validate the radiomic signatures for individualized DFS estimation. Results: Higher Rad-scores were significantly associated with worse DFS in both the training and validation sets (P = 0.002 and 0.036, respectively). The radiomics nomogram estimated DFS (C-index, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-0.77) better than the clinicopathological (C-index, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.70-0.74) or Rad-score-only nomograms (C-index, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.65-0.69). Conclusions: The radiomics signature is an independent biomarker for the estimation of DFS in patients with invasive breast cancer. Combining the radiomics nomogram improved individualized DFS estimation.

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