Nursing Science

Secondary Traumatic Stress in Nursing: A Walker and Avant Concept Analysis Nurses on the front lines of health care are impacted psychologically by their work and may experience secondary traumatic stress. The literature contains several different terms to explore concepts that describe the impact of traumatic patient experiences on the nurse, making it difficult to differentiate the concepts. Using the Walker and Avant method of analysis, the author reviewed nursing-specific publications within the last 10 years and seminal works to develop a purer meaning of secondary traumatic stress and distinguish it from other related terms. A more precise definition of secondary traumatic stress will allow for the advancement of research related to awareness and prevention in nursing. Correspondence: Marni B. Kellogg, PhD, RN, CPN, CNE, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Rd, Dartmouth, MA, 02747 (mkellogg@umassd.edu). The author has no acknowledgments or disclosures. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Symptom Management Theory: Analysis, Evaluation, and Implications for Caring for Adults With Cancer A detailed analysis of Symptom Management Theory (SMT) along with its extent of use and implications for adults with cancer as demonstrated in 20 oncology research studies is reported. SMT provides useful guidance for adult oncology research and nursing practice. Theory dimension most researched in cancer was symptom experience. Although theory assertions were demonstrated in 80% of the studies, it was used to an adequate extent only in 35% of them. Comparisons between cancer-related clinical outcomes with and without use of SMT, certain theory modifications, and future SMT-based studies involving longitudinal designs in this population are warranted. Correspondence: Asha Mathew, MBA, MSN, RN, RM, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 S. Damen Ave, Room 1024, Chicago, IL 60612 (asolom8@uic.edu). This article was supported by the National Institute of Nursing Research of the National Institutes of Health under award no. K24NR015340. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Exploring Nurses' Perceptions of Safety: A Phenomenological Study The purpose of the study is to explore the lived experiences of nurses with regard to their personal safety and to identify the fundamental structures underlying nurse safety. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design, using the data analysis method proposed by Colaizzi, was used. Eleven nurses participated in the study between March and July 2019. The research findings indicated the fundamental structure of nurse safety encompasses 3 categories: "nurses' personal protection systems," "safety support systems," and "risk factors." The fundamental structure identified in this study can contribute to better understanding and insight regarding the safety of nurses. Correspondence: Seung Wan Kang, PhD, MD, Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea (drdemian@snu.ac.kr). Immeasurable appreciation for their support is extended to the nurses who participated and shared their stories and Dr Hack Sun Kim, who reviewed the results of the study. The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article. Supplemental digital contents are available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.advancesinnursingscience.com). Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

A Critical Analysis of the American Nurses Association Position Statement on Workplace Violence: Ethical Implications In 2015, the American Nurses Association issued a position statement on workplace violence. An authoritative, disciplinary position is critically important to inform policies and recommendations addressing this significant issue in nursing. Position statements and policies should reflect disciplinary values. A discourse analysis of this position statement was performed through the lens of nursing ethics. The position statement endorses a zero-tolerance response, which is moralist, punitive, and questionably effective. It problematically presents patient and coworker violence as equivalent. Promotion of this position has the potential to erode public trust and lead us down a path of criminalizing illness behaviors. Correspondence: Darcy Copeland, PhD, RN, University of Northern Colorado, Campus Box 125, Gunter Hall, Greeley, CO 80639 (Darcy.copeland@unco.edu). The author would like to thank Dr Lorna Hutchison for reviewing this article. The author has disclosed that she has no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Integrity of Databases for Literature Searches in Nursing: Avoiding Predatory Journals The quality of literature used as the foundation to any research or scholarly project is critical. The purpose of this study was to analyze the extent to which predatory nursing journals were included in credible databases, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Scopus, commonly used by nurse scholars when searching for information. Findings indicated that no predatory nursing journals were currently indexed in MEDLINE or CINAHL, and only one journal was in Scopus. Citations to articles published in predatory nursing journals are not likely found in a search using these curated databases but rather through Google or Google Scholar search engines. Correspondence: Marilyn H. Oermann, PhD, RN, ANEF, FAAN, Duke University School of Nursing, DUMC 3322, 307 Trent Dr, Durham, NC 27710 (marilyn.oermann@duke.edu). Peggy L. Chinn, PhD, RN, FAAN, Editor, Advances in Nursing Science, is a member of our research team and contributed to the study and preparation of the manuscript. The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

End-of-Life Care Terminology: A Scoping Review The purpose of this scoping review is to present an overview of terms found in publications associated with end-of-life care management that can impact decision making by patients, health care providers, and researchers. Connotative terminology and syntax can influence the decision-making approach and process. We examined 49 publications for positive, negative, and neutral connotations. We consistently found negative terminology in the publications. To advance the development of nursing knowledge regarding end-of-life care, researchers should be aware of their biases of terminology and syntax use. We propose modifications to language used in end-of-life care planning models and literature can improve care congruency. Correspondence: Zahra Rahemi, PhD, RN, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Clemson University, 116 Edwards Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 (zrahemi@clemson.edu). The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Black Female Sexuality: Intersectional Identities and Historical Contexts Black females experience significant sexual health disparities. Intersectionality theory offers nurses a framework to address health disparities. Intersectionality theory examines how categorical identities of difference confer power or oppression, affect social interactions, and influence individuals' engagement with institutional structures. This secondary analysis of qualitative data details the damaging effects that power, oppression, and disadvantaged identities have on the sexual health of Black women. Twenty participants explained how the intersection of race, gender, age, education, and sexuality influences sexual health risk. Our expanded model of intersectionality theory emphasizes historical context with implications for research, practice, and education to promote health equity. Correspondence: Natasha Crooks, PhD, RN, Department of Human Development Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago College of Nursing, 845 S. Damen Ave, Room 816, Chicago, IL 60612 (ncrooks@uic.edu). This study was funded by the National Institute of Nursing Research, Pre-doctoral Fellowship Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (F31NR016624), principal investigator Natasha Crooks. We would like to acknowledge and thank the participants who shared their personal stories. We would also like to acknowledge the support from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Public Health and Dane County, and the Allied Wellness Center. The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

A Conceptual Framework of Self-advocacy in Women With Cancer Researchers define self-advocacy as the ability of an individual with cancer to overcome challenges in getting their preferences, needs, and values met. While imperative in all health care settings, self-advocacy is especially important in cancer care. The goal of this article is to present a conceptual framework for self-advocacy in cancer. We review foundational studies in self-advocacy, define the elements of the conceptual framework, discuss underlying assumptions of the framework, and suggest future directions in this research area. This framework provides an empirical and conceptual basis for studies designed to understand and improve self-advocacy among women with cancer. Correspondence: Teresa H. Thomas, PhD, RN, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, 3500 Victoria St, Ste 440, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (t.thomas@pitt.edu). The authors want to dedicate this article to the late Susan M. Cohen, PhD, APRN, FAAN. She was a dedicated member of our research team and brought clarity of thought, enthusiasm, and reassurance to each of our studies described in this article. As a mentor, she endlessly supported this work and the development of all of her mentees. Without her guidance, along with that of our entire team of mentors and collaborators, this work would never have reached fruition. The following funding supported this article: American Cancer Society Mentored Research Scholar Grant MSRG-18-051-51 (Thomas), National Palliative Care Research Center Career Development Award (Thomas), American Cancer Society, Doctoral Degree Scholarship in Cancer Nursing DSCN-14-077-01-SCN (Thomas), National Institute of Nursing Research/National Institute of Health F31NR014066 (Thomas), National Institute of Nursing Research/National Institute of Health T32NR0111972 (Bender), National Institute of Nursing Research/National Institute of Health R01NR010735 (Donovan), Judith A. Erlen Nursing PhD Student Research Award (Thomas), Nightingale Awards of Pennsylvania, Doctoral Student Research Award (Thomas), Oncology Nursing Foundation, Doctoral Student Award (Thomas), Sigma Theta Tau International, Rosemary Berkel Crisp Research Award (Thomas), The Rockefeller University's Heilbrunn Family Center for Research Nursing, Heilbrunn Nurse Scholar (Thomas) Award, and Palliative Research Center (PaRC) at the University of Pittsburgh (Schenker). The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Advancing Nursing Policy Advocacy Knowledge: A Theoretical Exploration Nursing policy advocacy continues to be recognized as a key part of a nurse's role by educators, professional associations, and regulators. Despite normative calls on nurses to engage in political action and advocacy, limited theories, models, and frameworks exist to support this practice within nursing. Using Walt and Gilson's Health Policy Triangle Framework, this article explores the theoretical underpinnings of policy advocacy to enhance nursing's contemporary role in advancing social justice. Specific consideration is placed on the type of nursing and policy knowledge and perspectives required to understand policy content, contexts, processes, and actors. Correspondence: Patrick Chiu, RN, MPH, Faculty of Nursing, 4-171 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada (pakcheon@ualberta.ca). The author acknowledges the valuable feedback provided by Professor Jill White, PhD, MEd, MHPol, RN, RM, FAAN, Professor Emerita, University of Sydney, Australia, and the University of Technology Sydney; and Joanne Olson, PhD, RN, FAAN, Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta. The author has disclosed that he has no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Properties of Situation-Specific Theories and Neo-pragmatism The purpose of this article is to discuss whether the properties of existing situation-specific theories are congruent with the philosophical stance of neo-pragmatism. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycInfo with keywords of "situation-specific theory" and "nursing." Fifteen situation-specific theories were included in the analysis. The properties of existing situation-specific theories included "high specificity and low level of abstraction," "context understanding," "direct linkages to research and practice," and "reflecting diversities and complexities with limited generalizability." Finally, the findings are discussed in terms of their linkages to the major tenets of neo-pragmatism. Correspondence: Eun-Ok Im, PhD, MPH, RN, CNS, FAAN, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta GA 30322 (eun.ok.im@emory.edu). The author has disclosed that she has no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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