Myeloid sarcoma of the small intestine in a patient without overt acute myeloid leukaemia: a challenging diagnosis of a rare condition

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare condition that most commonly occurs in the setting of acute myeloidleukaemia (AML) or other chronic myeloproliferative disorders. It presents as an abnormal growth that can develop anywhere in the human body, and its clinical manifestations are often non-specific.

We present the case of a patient admitted to the emergency room with bowel obstruction. After careful clinical assessment, she underwent a right hemicolectomy. After a thorough examination of the surgical pathology specimen, including testing a wide array of immunohistochemical markers, the patient was timely diagnosed with MS, allowing for the implementation of the appropriate treatment to achieve complete remission. This is crucial, since non-leukaemic patients with untreated MS always progress to AML, and have a better prognosis if adequate therapy is implemented early. Our patient is now in the second postoperative year and shows no signs of relapse.

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