Background/Aim: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and ABC transporters are associated with treatment resistance and outcomes of cancer patients. We aimed to investigate the prognostic implications of CSC markers and ABC transporters in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Materials and Methods: We collected 331 CRC samples and evaluated 3 CSC markers (SOX2, LGR5, and ALDH1) and 3 ABC transporters (ABCC2, ABCC3, and ABCG2) by immunohistochemistry. The association between the expression of these protein and patients'...
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Background/Aim: Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a hematological malignancy caused by infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Chemotherapy, antibody therapy, and bone marrow transplantation are used to treat this disease, however, median survival time has not been significantly improved. Our aim was to develop and evaluate a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with regards to cell cytotoxicity and target specificity. Materials and Methods: In this study, we have constructed a novel...
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Background/Aim: Recent advances in systemic chemotherapy, including molecularly targeted therapy, have dramatically improved survival for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of surgical resection for brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer cases performed at the Department of Neurosurgery of Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan. Patients and Methods: Craniotomy and tumor resection were performed for 56 patients with brain...
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Background/Aim: This study aimed to use artificial intelligence (AI) to predict the pathological diagnosis of ovarian tumors using patient information and data from preoperative examinations. Patients and Methods: A total of 202 patients with ovarian tumors were enrolled, including 53 with ovarian cancer, 23 with borderline malignant tumors, and 126 with benign ovarian tumors. Using 5 machine learning classifiers, including support vector machine, random forest, naive Bayes, logistic regression,...
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Background/Aim: Bladder cancer with histological variant (HV) has different morphological features from usual urothelial carcinoma (UC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the oncological outcomes of HV in patients with bladder cancer. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data from 102 patients with UC of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy between 1998 and 2017. Pathological findings including HV were assigned by one dedicated pathologist. Recurrence-free survival (RFS)...
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Background/Aim: Irinotecan is rarely used on the metastatic breast cancer (MBC) setting. S-1 is an oral mixture of tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil. We conducted this pilot study to assess efficacy and safty of chemotherapy with combined irinotecan and S-1 (IRIS). Patients and Methods: Irinotecan was given intravenously at 80 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 and S-1 was given orally at 80-120 mg/day depending on body surface area for 2 weeks, repeating the cycle every 3 weeks. Results: Twenty-two patients were...
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Background/Aim: Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of salvage surgery following downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim was to assess the outcomes of salvage surgery after successful downstaging using hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). Patients and Methods: Patients whose diagnosis was unresectable locally advanced HCC and who were resected after conversion to a resectable status by HAIC were included. The overall survival (OS) rate, and disease-free survival...
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Background/Aim: Chemoimmunotherapy is a promising treatment for various malignant diseases. In this study, we examined whether first-line chemoimmunotherapy using adoptive immune-cell therapy was effective for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Patients and Methods: The therapeutic efficacy and safety of the standard first-line chemoimmunotherapy with adoptive αβ T cell therapy and bevacizumab were assessed using thirty-two patients with mCRC in our hospital. Immunological status after this chemoimmunotherapy...
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Background: Developmental disorders are associated with microglial dysfunction. Oral administration of lipopolysaccharide derived from Pantoea agglomerans bacteria (LPSp) leads to normalization of phagocytic activity of microglia and suppression of inflammation in mice. In this article, we report on a successful trial in which we achieved a significant improvement of symptoms in patients with developmental disorders. Patients and Methods: Five pediatric patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders...
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Background/Aim: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the desmoplastic reaction (DR) and clinicopathological features, and the prognosis using cases of resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Patients and Methods: Out of 54 cases that were preoperatively diagnosed with ICC and underwent resection at our department, 47 patients were included in this study. All sections were prepared from resected specimens and were microscopically observed following H&E staining....
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Background/Aim: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of immune-cell therapy in terms of the survival of patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix (NECC), which lacks standardized therapeutic approaches. Patients and Methods: We identified 17 patients who were diagnosed as having NECC and treated with immune-cell therapy. The clinical characteristics of these patients were extracted from their records and their overall survival was measured. Results: Of the 17 patients, two patients...
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Background/Aim: In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of immune-cell therapy using T lymphocytes activated in vitro with or without dendritic cell vaccination in combination with standard therapies in terms of the survival of patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial and cervical cancers of the uterus. Patients and Methods: A total of 187 patients with advanced or recurrent uterine cancer were enrolled in this study. The correlation between overall survival and various...
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Background/Aim: We investigated whether mastication affects microglia, whose activity is thought to be associated with cognition and brain tumor progression. Materials and Methods: We kept mice by feeding either a hard or soft diet for 2, 4 or 8 months. After each period, we removed the whole brains and isolated microglia. The total RNA extracted from each brain's microglia was subjected to DNA microarray analysis. Results: Many genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed between...
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Background: Continuous oral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages, which is useful for preventing various diseases. Here, we attempted to create an in vitro model of continuous administration of LPS. Materials and Methods: RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS three times every 24 h (repeated stimulation), and phagocytic ability and inflammatory cytokine [interleukin-6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)] production were measured. Results:...
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Background/Aim: Roles for mutant (mt) KRAS in the innate immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer (CRC) were explored. Materials and Methods: Human CRC HCT116-derived, mtKRAS-disrupted (HKe3) cells that express exogenous mtKRAS and allogenic cytokine-activated killer (CAK) cells were co-cultured in 3D floating (3DF) culture. The anti-CD155 antibody was used for function blocking and immuno histochemistry. Results: Infiltration of CAK cells, including NKG2D+ T cells, into the deep layer of HKe3-mtKRAS...
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Background/Aim: Although ginseng seed oil (GSO) appears to have various roles in the body, its anti-cancer effect has not been investigated. Tamoxifen is widely used to treat estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer but shows adverse effects with drug resistance. This study investigated the effect of GSO in ER+ breast cancer cell growth. Materials and Methods: Cell viability assays, western blots and Annexin V staining were conducted to examine cell viability and apoptosis. The synergistic...
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Background: We retrospectively investigated factors predictive for ascites after hepatic resection to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and Methods: The data of 114 patients with HCC who underwent curative hepatic resection were reviewed. The patients were assigned to two groups according to the presence or not of postoperative ascites. Results: Ascites occurred in 16 patients (14.0%), and refractory ascites in four (3.5%). A MAC2-binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) cutoff...
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Background: Peroxiredoxin II (PRDX2) performs unique roles in cells. It can reduce peroxides through cysteine residues, and helps prevent the effects of oxidative stress on cells. It is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases, especially alcoholic liver injury and even liver cancer. The metabolism of alcohol in hepatocytes leads to the increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, injury, and apoptosis. Therefore, this study focused on the...
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Background/Aim: To investigate the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiating benign and malignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT) complicating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), compared to diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). Patients and Methods: Forty-nine patients with HCC who had PVT were enrolled. The quantitative and qualitative parameters of CEUS were analysed. We examined the diagnostic performance of CEUS compared with DWI. The relationships between CEUS...
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Background/Aim: Historically, breast cancer has been treated according to an evaluation of biomarkers, such as the estrogen receptor and HER2 status. Recently, molecular profiling has been used to detect driver mutations and select anti-cancer treatment strategies. In addition to detecting pathogenic mutations, the total mutation count (tumor mutation burden) has been considered as another biomarker. Materials and Methods: We performed molecular profiling of 143 breast cancer tissues obtained from...
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Background/Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the perioperative, short-term, and long-term prognostic differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) between young and older patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 3095 patients were divided into young (≤45 years; n=139) and older (>45 years; n=2956) groups. Then, propensity score matching was performed for patients in stage I to III according to a ratio of 1:1. The clinicopathological factors and prognosis of the two groups were studied....
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Background/Aim: We investigated the anti-proliferative effect of quercetin on liver cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Thirteen liver cancer cell lines were cultured followed by treatment with varying concentrations of quercetin (0-100 μM) or quercetin and 5-FU, and the cell viability was analysed by the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was also used to examine cell cycle progression after treatment with quercetin. Results: The addition of quercetin resulted in a dose- and time-dependent suppression...
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Background: Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS) is a benign soft-tissue tumor that occurs predominantly in the fingers, with the capacity for local recurrence. The cytogenetic hallmark of GCTTS is the presence of 1p13 rearrangement. Several chromosomal segments have been recognized as translocation partners to 1p13. Herein, we describe a novel cytogenetic finding of GCTTS arising in the right thumb of a 71-year-old man. Case Report: Physical examination revealed a 4-cm, elastic hard, immobile,...
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Background/Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises from hepatocytes, and is the most frequently occurring malignancy of primary liver cancer. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastatic effects of the quaternary ammonium compound, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), on HA22T/VGH HCC cells. Materials and Methods: According to our preliminary data, the effect of CTAB on cell cycle distribution, migration, invasion and the associated protein levels was examined using flow cytometry, wound-healing...
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Background/Aim: Identifying patients with DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) is vital to improve treatment and identify patients with Lynch syndrome (LS). We developed a prediction model for dMMR CRC using clinicopathologic features. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 1,147 patients who underwent resection of stage I-IV CRC in whom universal screening for LS using immunohistochemistry for MMR proteins had performed. Univariate and multivariate logistic...
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Background/Aim: Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K), a cancer therapeutic target, has been exploited for cancer therapy. The natural compounds flavonoids have increasingly been shown to possess anticancer activity. The current study aimed to explore all known flavonoids for their ability to inhibit PI3K. Materials and Methods: Virtual screening of flavonoids using molecular docking to the ATP binding site of PI3K was performed. The top 10 scoring flavonoids were selected for pose analysis and binding...
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Background/Aim: Intensive trimodal therapy is needed for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The prediction of recurrence is especially required for patients with pathological residual tumors in the resected primary sites and/or lymph nodes [non-pathological complete response (pCR)] who have a high possibility of recurrence after trimodal therapy. We aimed to determine the risk factors for cancer recurrence in ESCC patients diagnosed with non-pCR after trimodal therapy. Patients...
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Background/Aim: The therapeutic outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have dramatically improved with the introduction of molecular-targeted agents. The observational multicenter study was conducted to develop a novel stratification system for the intermediate risk group of the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) model. Patients and Methods: The present study included 252 Japanese patients with mRCC who received first-line molecular-targeted...
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Background/Aim: The functions of macrophages change in response to environmental factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS derived from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSp) is involved in macrophage activation and tissue repair when administered dermally. LPSp-activated macrophages may be useful for restoring and maintaining homeostasis of the skin. Materials and Methods: Phorbol myristate acetate-treated human monocytes (THP-1 cells) were activated with LPSp. The medium of LPSp-activated THP-1 cells was...
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Background: The occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the pancreas is overall rare and can histologically imitate primary pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC). Case Report: This is a case report of a 70-year-old female with a history of surgically resected right lung adenocarcinoma presenting for routine follow up without symptoms. CT scans revealed a pancreatic cystic mass with ductal dilatation that was sampled via endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and thought...
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Background/Aim: Bovine mastitis is caused by the invasion and propagation of pathogenic microorganisms into the udder and mammary gland tissues of cattle. In this study, the therapeutic effect of a low-molecular-weight whey protein (LMW-WP) on bovine mastitis was evaluated. Materials and Methods: LMW-WP was orally, intraperitoneally, and vaginally administered to bovine with mastitis. The number of somatic cells in milk was measured 24 h before the administration of LMW-WP. The effect of LMW-WP on...
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Background: Axillary dissection is routinely conducted for all patients with sentinel node (SN)-positive breast cancer. Metastasis to non SNs is not often found after axillary dissection in patients with SN-positive breast cancer. Thus, we investigated clinicopathological features, including immune cells in peripheral blood, in order to identify factors related to metastasis to non-SNs. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively investigated 184 patients with SN-positive disease, treated at our institution...
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Background/Aim: The expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-related peptides involved in stress response in colorectal cancer has been reported. We examined the involvement of CRH-related peptides in cellular stress caused by anticancer drugs in colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: Changes in the expression levels of CRH-related peptides and their receptors in HCT116, DLD-1, and SW480 cell lines after fluorouracil (5-FU) loading were evaluated. Effects of the receptor antagonist...
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Background/Aim: To compare the predictive efficacy of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and European Association of Urology (EAU) risk stratification systems in radiotherapy of prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: One-thousand-nine-hundred-nine patients treated with definitive (1,074), adjuvant (381), and salvage radiotherapy (454) were analysed. Results: Both systems significantly predicted biochemical-relapse-free-survival, metastasis-free-survival, and disease-free-survival, while...
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Background/Aim: The studies about the roles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in pterygium diagnosis and/or prognosis are mainly based on their mRNA and protein levels, while the genomic roles of MMPs are seldom examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of MMP-9 genotypes to pterygium risk. Materials and Methods: MMP-9 rs3918242 was genotyped in 134 pterygium cases and 268 controls via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: The rs3918242...
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Background/Aim: The histological features of lymph nodes (LNs) treated by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological findings of LNs affected by CRT. Patients and Methods: Among 107 clinically N2 NSCLC patients who underwent induction CRT followed by surgery from 1999 to 2017, 24 patients who received pathological evaluation of mediastinal LN before CRT were enrolled in this study. Postoperatively,...
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Background/Aim: Altered connexin expression has been associated with cancer development and progression. This study evaluated connexin 26, 32, and 43 expression in association with the long-term outcomes of gastric cancer after gastrectomy. Patients and Methods: Pathological specimens were collected from 113 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer, of whom 104 were included in the study. The expression levels of the connexins were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The patients were...
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